arXiv:2506.01297cs.AI2025-06被引 5

用人类移动数据构建地理表征,让位置理解更懂人情世故。

MoRA: Mobility as the Backbone for Geospatial Representation Learning at Scale

  • 以人类移动图为骨架,融合地点、遥感、人口数据
  • 128维向量在9项任务上平均提升12.9%预测性能
  • 适合做城市规划、经济分析的学者和从业者

地理空间表征学习仍是实现通用地理智能的核心挑战,不同范式日益分化。传统地球观测擅长描述物理状态,我们主张位置的完整‘意义’应基于内部人类活动模式及其与其他位置的功能关联,而这些由人类移动行为揭示。本文提出MoRA框架,以移动图为核心,融合多模态数据,学习能反映社会经济背景与功能角色的嵌入表示。通过空间分块、图神经网络与非对称对比学习,将超百万个兴趣点(POI)、海量遥感影像与结构化人口统计与百亿条边的移动图对齐,确保三类辅助模态均基于基本人类动态进行解释。为严格评估,我们构建包含9项社会经济下游任务的基准数据集。实验表明,使用四模态输入与128维表示空间的MoRA,平均预测性能优于现有最优模型12.9%。进一步验证了地理表征学习中的缩放规律。代码与预训练模型已开源:https://github.com/ylzhouchris/MoRA。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Representation learning of geospatial locations remains a core challenge in achieving general geospatial intelligence, with increasingly diverging philosophies and techniques. While Earth observation paradigms excel at depicting locations in their physical states, we claim that a location's comprehensive "meaning" is better grounded in its internal human activity patterns and, crucially, its functional relationships with other locations, as revealed by human movement. We present MoRA, a human-centric geospatial framework that leverages a mobility graph as its core backbone to fuse various data modalities, aiming to learn embeddings that represent the socio-economic context and functional role of a location. MoRA achieves this through the integration of spatial tokenization, GNNs, and asymmetric contrastive learning to align 100M+ POIs, massive remote sensing imagery, and structured demographic statistics with a billion-edge mobility graph, ensuring the three auxiliary modalities are interpreted through the lens of fundamental human dynamics. To rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of MoRA, we construct a benchmark dataset composed of 9 downstream prediction tasks across social and economic domains. Experiments show that MoRA, with four input modalities and a compact 128-dimensional representation space, achieves superior predictive performances than state-of-the-art models by an average of 12.9%. Echoing LLM scaling laws, we further demonstrate the scaling behavior in geospatial representation learning. We open-source code and pretrained models at: https://github.com/ylzhouchris/MoRA.

地理表征人类移动多模态融合

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