arXiv:2506.01954cs.CLcs.AI2025-06ACL被引 7

将大模型的检索生成知识蒸馏给小模型,减少幻觉并节省资源。

DRAG: Distilling RAG for SLMs from LLMs to Transfer Knowledge and Mitigate Hallucination via Evidence and Graph-based Distillation

  • 用证据和知识图谱引导蒸馏,保留关键事实。
  • 在相同模型下比MiniRAG提升最高27.7%的准确率。
  • 适合资源有限但需高可靠性的实际部署场景。

检索增强生成(RAG)方法在需要事实一致性与强知识检索的任务中表现优异。然而,大规模RAG系统计算开销大,且易产生来自人类的幻觉内容。本文提出$ exttt{DRAG}$框架,将大语言模型(LLMs)中的RAG知识蒸馏至小语言模型(SLMs)。该方法结合证据与知识图谱进行蒸馏,确保小模型保留关键事实知识的同时显著降低模型规模与计算成本。通过将小模型预测对齐于结构化知识图谱与排序证据,$ exttt{DRAG}$有效缓解幻觉,提升事实准确性。我们还展示该框架如何缓解用户隐私风险,并构建相应基准。多基准实验表明,本方法在相同模型下相比现有先进RAG方法(如MiniRAG)提升最高达27.7%,兼具高效性与可靠性。$ exttt{DRAG}$为小模型部署增强检索与生成能力提供了实用、高效的路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods have proven highly effective for tasks requiring factual consistency and robust knowledge retrieval. However, large-scale RAG systems consume significant computational resources and are prone to generating hallucinated content from Humans. In this work, we introduce $\texttt{DRAG}$, a novel framework for distilling RAG knowledge from large-scale Language Models (LLMs) into small LMs (SLMs). Our approach leverages evidence- and knowledge graph-based distillation, ensuring that the distilled model retains critical factual knowledge while significantly reducing model size and computational cost. By aligning the smaller model's predictions with a structured knowledge graph and ranked evidence, $\texttt{DRAG}$ effectively mitigates hallucinations and improves factual accuracy. We further present a case demonstrating how our framework mitigates user privacy risks and introduce a corresponding benchmark. Experimental evaluations on multiple benchmarks demonstrate that our method outperforms the prior competitive RAG methods like MiniRAG for SLMs by up to 27.7% using the same models, preserving high-level efficiency and reliability. With $\texttt{DRAG}$, we provide a practical and resource-efficient roadmap to deploying enhanced retrieval and generation capabilities in small-sized LLMs.

知识蒸馏RAG小模型幻觉抑制

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