探讨人类智能是否独一无二，指出人工智能正逼近人类认知边界。
Natural, Artificial, and Human Intelligences
- 从心理学与动物智能证据出发，重新审视智能定义。
- 指出当前聊天机器人在感知与社交层面仍有局限。
- 适合对智能本质、AI伦理感兴趣的读者。
人类在文化、科学与技术上的成就在已知宇宙中无与伦比，这得益于语言构建的庞大知识共同体。尽管不谈神学，但“起初是言语”这一观点在西方社会尤其与书面文字紧密相连。当代聊天机器人看似能像人类一样运用语言，引发根本性疑问：它们能否被视为与人类同等级的智能？我们基于心理智力研究、非人类动物的智能证据、书面语言在科技发展中的作用、人工智能进展、智力测试史（涵盖人与机器）以及具身化在智能中的角色，探讨这一问题。我们认为，越来越难将人类视为唯一具备智能的存在。当前聊天机器人仍存在感知与社会意识方面的局限，但已有大量研究致力于突破这些瓶颈。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Human achievement, whether in culture, science, or technology, is unparalleled in the known existence. This achievement is tied to the enormous communities of knowledge, made possible by language: leaving theological content aside, it is very much true that "in the beginning was the word", and that in Western societies, this became particularly identified with the written word. There lies the challenge regarding modern age chatbots: they can 'do' language apparently as well as ourselves and there is a natural question of whether they can be considered intelligent, in the same way as we are or otherwise. Are humans uniquely intelligent? We consider this question in terms of the psychological literature on intelligence, evidence for intelligence in non-human animals, the role of written language in science and technology, progress with artificial intelligence, the history of intelligence testing (for both humans and machines), and the role of embodiment in intelligence. We think that it is increasingly difficult to consider humans uniquely intelligent. There are current limitations in chatbots, e.g., concerning perceptual and social awareness, but much attention is currently devoted to overcoming such limitations.
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