用机器学习替代传统试飞点,让飞行测试结果自动更新模型。
A Data-Based Architecture for Flight Test without Test Points
- 用高保真模型生成降阶模型,可预测任意飞行条件下的性能。
- 通过真实飞行数据更新模型,实现无需预设测试点的动态验证。
- 适合航空器研发中需频繁迭代验证的场景,提升测试效率。
传统试飞依赖预设测试点以确保模型假设成立,但测试点本身即为根本问题。本文提出一种无测试点架构:基于高保真飞机模型,利用机器学习构建降阶模型(ROM),该模型能根据飞行员实际飞行条件生成预测,并在新数据出现时自动更新。以T-38C飞行数据为例,首先构建纵向俯仰运动的超曲面模型,再通过高斯过程回归融合非约束飞行数据进行条件化更新。该超曲面可进一步推导出符合MIL-STD-1797B标准的纵向动力学参数评估结果,实现飞行测试与模型验证的闭环迭代。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The justification for the "test point" derives from the test pilot's obligation to reproduce faithfully the pre-specified conditions of some model prediction. Pilot deviation from those conditions invalidates the model assumptions. Flight test aids have been proposed to increase accuracy on more challenging test points. However, the very existence of databands and tolerances is the problem more fundamental than inadequate pilot skill. We propose a novel approach, which eliminates test points. We start with a high-fidelity digital model of an air vehicle. Instead of using this model to generate a point prediction, we use a machine learning method to produce a reduced-order model (ROM). The ROM has two important properties. First, it can generate a prediction based on any set of conditions the pilot flies. Second, if the test result at those conditions differ from the prediction, the ROM can be updated using the new data. The outcome of flight test is thus a refined ROM at whatever conditions were flown. This ROM in turn updates and validates the high-fidelity model. We present a single example of this "point-less" architecture, using T-38C flight test data. We first use a generic aircraft model to build a ROM of longitudinal pitching motion as a hypersurface. We then ingest unconstrained flight test data and use Gaussian Process Regression to update and condition the hypersurface. By proposing a second-order equivalent system for the T-38C, this hypersurface then generates parameters necessary to assess MIL-STD-1797B compliance for longitudinal dynamics.
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