用大模型提示学习让无人机在应急中自适应决策,提升响应速度与安全性。
From Prompts to Protection: Large Language Model-Enabled In-Context Learning for Smart Public Safety UAV
- 通过自然语言提示和示例引导,实现无需重训练的任务适应。
- 相比传统方法,数据采集调度中包丢失率显著降低。
- 适合对实时性与隐私敏感的公共安全无人机场景。
公共安全无人飞行器(UAV)在应急响应中提升态势感知能力,其灵活性、路径优化及视距通信能力使其在灾害救援、搜救和林火监测中日益重要。尽管深度强化学习(DRL)被用于优化导航与控制,但其高训练复杂度、低样本效率及仿真到现实的差距限制了实际应用。大语言模型(LLM)凭借强推理与泛化能力,可通过上下文学习(ICL)实现任务自适应,仅通过自然语言提示与示例即可完成调整,无需重新训练。将LLM部署于网络边缘而非云端,可降低延迟并保障数据隐私,适用于实时关键任务。本文提出将LLM辅助的ICL集成至公共安全UAV,解决应急中的路径规划与速度控制等核心功能。以数据采集调度为例,验证表明该框架显著降低包丢失率,并缓解潜在的越狱攻击风险。最后讨论了LLM优化器并展望未来方向。该框架实现了无人机在应急场景下的自适应、情境感知决策,提供轻量高效方案,增强自主性与响应能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
A public safety Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) enhances situational awareness during emergency response. Its agility, mobility optimization, and ability to establish Line-of-Sight (LoS) communication make it increasingly important for managing emergencies such as disaster response, search and rescue, and wildfire monitoring. Although Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been used to optimize UAV navigation and control, its high training complexity, low sample efficiency, and the simulation-to-reality gap limit its practicality in public safety applications. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) present a promising alternative. With strong reasoning and generalization abilities, LLMs can adapt to new tasks through In-Context Learning (ICL), enabling task adaptation via natural language prompts and example-based guidance without retraining. Deploying LLMs at the network edge, rather than in the cloud, further reduces latency and preserves data privacy, making them suitable for real-time, mission-critical public safety UAVs. This paper proposes integrating LLM-assisted ICL with public safety UAVs to address key functions such as path planning and velocity control in emergency response. We present a case study on data collection scheduling, demonstrating that the LLM-assisted ICL framework can significantly reduce packet loss compared to conventional approaches while also mitigating potential jailbreaking vulnerabilities. Finally, we discuss LLM optimizers and outline future research directions. The ICL framework enables adaptive, context-aware decision-making for public safety UAVs, offering a lightweight and efficient solution to enhance UAV autonomy and responsiveness in emergencies.
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