arXiv:2506.02730astro-ph.IMcs.CL2025-06

用语言模型检测外星信号:通过结构化反应识别潜在规律

An Exploratory Framework for Future SETI Applications: Detecting Generative Reactivity via Language Models

  • 将噪声输入视为潜在信号,测试语言模型能否产生结构化输出
  • 鲸鸣与鸟鸣触发的语义诱导潜力高于白噪声,人类语音反应较弱
  • 适合对未知通信意图的信号筛查,可补充传统搜寻方法

我们提出一种探索性框架,测试噪声类输入是否能引发语言模型的结构化响应。不预设外星信号需被解码,转而评估输入能否触发生成系统的语言行为。这一转变将关注点从解码转向以结构化输出作为输入内在规律的标志。我们使用四个类型的声音输入测试了参数量为117M的GPT-2 small模型:人类语音、座头鲸鸣叫、Phylloscopus trochilus鸟鸣及算法生成的白噪声。所有输入均被视为无意义噪声,未假设其符号编码。为评估反应性,引入复合指标语义诱导潜力(SIP),综合熵、语法连贯性、压缩增益与重复惩罚。结果显示,鲸鸣与鸟鸣的SIP得分高于白噪声,人类语音仅引发中等反应。表明语言模型可能感知到无传统语义数据中的潜在结构。该方法或可补充传统SETI,在沟通意图不明时识别值得关注的数据。生成反应或提供识别潜在信号的新路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present an exploratory framework to test whether noise-like input can induce structured responses in language models. Instead of assuming that extraterrestrial signals must be decoded, we evaluate whether inputs can trigger linguistic behavior in generative systems. This shifts the focus from decoding to viewing structured output as a sign of underlying regularity in the input. We tested GPT-2 small, a 117M-parameter model trained on English text, using four types of acoustic input: human speech, humpback whale vocalizations, Phylloscopus trochilus birdsong, and algorithmically generated white noise. All inputs were treated as noise-like, without any assumed symbolic encoding. To assess reactivity, we defined a composite score called Semantic Induction Potential (SIP), combining entropy, syntax coherence, compression gain, and repetition penalty. Results showed that whale and bird vocalizations had higher SIP scores than white noise, while human speech triggered only moderate responses. This suggests that language models may detect latent structure even in data without conventional semantics. We propose that this approach could complement traditional SETI methods, especially in cases where communicative intent is unknown. Generative reactivity may offer a different way to identify data worth closer attention.

SETI语言模型信号检测

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