让四足机器人高速穿越复杂地形,实现跳跃、攀墙、踩石疾驰。
High-speed control and navigation for quadrupedal robots on complex and discrete terrain
- 分层规划:采样优化+神经网络快速筛选可行落脚点。
- 实测速度达4米/秒,可跳1.3米宽沟、爬30°斜坡、穿乱箱阵。
- 训练时自适应生成挑战性目标,提升跟踪器泛化能力。
在离散且几何复杂的环境中实现高速腿式导航极具挑战性,源于高自由度动力学与长视界、非凸优化问题。本文提出一种分层导航流水线,包含规划与追踪模块。规划模块通过基于采样的优化结合启发式快速序列过滤及神经网络,生成物理可行的落脚点方案;随后在物理仿真中进行多轮试运行,依据设计成本函数选出最优且物理一致的方案。该规划模块兼具计算效率与物理准确性。追踪模块旨在精确踏足规划模块给出的目标落脚点。训练阶段,目标落脚点分布由竞争性训练的生成模型提供,确保追踪器在具备适当难度的环境中学习。结果表明,该追踪器能克服比以往方法更复杂的地形。我们在自研动态四足机器人Raibo上验证了该方法,实现了动态敏捷运动:可沿垂直墙面奔跑、跳跃1.3米宽间隙、以4米/秒速度穿越步石阵,并自主导航于含30°斜坡、台阶及多种尺寸箱子的复杂地形。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
High-speed legged navigation in discrete and geometrically complex environments is a challenging task because of the high-degree-of-freedom dynamics and long-horizon, nonconvex nature of the optimization problem. In this work, we propose a hierarchical navigation pipeline for legged robots that can traverse such environments at high speed. The proposed pipeline consists of a planner and tracker module. The planner module finds physically feasible foothold plans by sampling-based optimization with fast sequential filtering using heuristics and a neural network. Subsequently, rollouts are performed in a physics simulation to identify the best foothold plan regarding the engineered cost function and to confirm its physical consistency. This hierarchical planning module is computationally efficient and physically accurate at the same time. The tracker aims to accurately step on the target footholds from the planning module. During the training stage, the foothold target distribution is given by a generative model that is trained competitively with the tracker. This process ensures that the tracker is trained in an environment with the desired difficulty. The resulting tracker can overcome terrains that are more difficult than what the previous methods could manage. We demonstrated our approach using Raibo, our in-house dynamic quadruped robot. The results were dynamic and agile motions: Raibo is capable of running on vertical walls, jumping a 1.3-meter gap, running over stepping stones at 4 meters per second, and autonomously navigating on terrains full of 30° ramps, stairs, and boxes of various sizes.
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