用大模型生成假设树,让机器人在不确定环境中更智能地规划任务。
Tru-POMDP: Task Planning Under Uncertainty via Tree of Hypotheses and Open-Ended POMDPs
- 构建假设树,用大模型生成可能的世界状态和目标
- 在开放词汇场景下成功率达92%,比现有方法提升15%以上
- 适合需要应对模糊指令与未知物体的居家服务机器人
在真实世界中,家庭服务机器人执行任务时面临不确定性挑战:人类指令模糊、物体位置未知、物体类型开放。为此,我们提出Tru-POMDP,结合大语言模型(LLM)进行结构化信念生成与严谨的POMDP规划。该方法引入分层假设树(TOH),通过调用LLM系统性构建高质粒子信念,覆盖可能的世界状态与人类目标。进一步构建开放式的POMDP模型,实现严格的贝叶斯信念追踪与高效的信念空间规划。在多样化厨房环境中进行复杂物品重排实验表明,Tru-POMDP显著优于当前最先进的基于大模型及混合搜索的规划器,在成功率、计划质量、抗模糊与遮挡能力以及规划效率上均有明显提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Task planning under uncertainty is essential for home-service robots operating in the real world. Tasks involve ambiguous human instructions, hidden or unknown object locations, and open-vocabulary object types, leading to significant open-ended uncertainty and a boundlessly large planning space. To address these challenges, we propose Tru-POMDP, a planner that combines structured belief generation using Large Language Models (LLMs) with principled POMDP planning. Tru-POMDP introduces a hierarchical Tree of Hypotheses (TOH), which systematically queries an LLM to construct high-quality particle beliefs over possible world states and human goals. We further formulate an open-ended POMDP model that enables rigorous Bayesian belief tracking and efficient belief-space planning over these LLM-generated hypotheses. Experiments on complex object rearrangement tasks across diverse kitchen environments show that Tru-POMDP significantly outperforms state-of-the-art LLM-based and LLM-tree-search hybrid planners, achieving higher success rates with significantly better plans, stronger robustness to ambiguity and occlusion, and greater planning efficiency.
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