用确定性微分方程快速建模多尺度流体,推理效率提升十倍以上。
Rectified Flows for Fast Multiscale Fluid Flow Modeling
- 学习条件速度场,沿近直线轨迹传输输入输出关系。
- 仅需8步确定性求解即达扩散模型128步以上精度。
- 适合需要高效高保真流体模拟的工程与科学计算场景。
流体动力学的统计代理建模困难,因其具有多尺度特性且对初值极度敏感。条件扩散代理虽准确,但通常需数百次随机采样。本文提出一种修正流代理,学习随时间变化的条件速度场,将输入-输出映射沿近直线轨迹传输。推理变为确定性常微分方程求解,每次评估信息量更高:在二维多尺度基准上,仅用8步即匹配扩散类后验统计,而基于得分的扩散模型需≥128步。理论上,我们对条件偏微分方程预测进行了律级分析:(i) 将一点的Wasserstein场度量与统计解中的(k=1)相关边际视角关联;(ii) 推导出一步误差分解为覆盖项(高频尾部,受结构函数/谱衰减控制)与拟合项(受训练目标控制);(iii) 证明修正时间的直线性控制微分方程局部截断误差,提供实际步长/步数指导。据此引入曲率感知采样器,使用EMA直线性代理自适应调整混合策略与步长。在不可压缩与可压缩二维多尺度流中,该方法在Wasserstein统计与谱特征上匹配扩散基线,保留超出MSE代理的细粒度结构,并显著降低推理成本。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Statistical surrogate modeling of fluid flows is hard because dynamics are multiscale and highly sensitive to initial conditions. Conditional diffusion surrogates can be accurate, but usually need hundreds of stochastic sampling steps. We propose a rectified-flow surrogate that learns a time-dependent conditional velocity field transporting input-to-output laws along near-straight trajectories. Inference is then a deterministic ODE solve, making each function evaluation more informative: on multiscale 2D benchmarks, we match diffusion-class posterior statistics with only (8) ODE steps versus (\ge 128) for score-based diffusion. Theoretically, we give a law-level analysis for conditional PDE forecasting. We (i) connect one-point Wasserstein field metrics to the (k=1) correlation-marginal perspective in statistical solutions, (ii) derive a one-step error split into a **coverage** term (high-frequency tail, controlled by structure functions/spectral decay) and a **fit** term (controlled by the training objective), and (iii) show that rectification-time **straightness** controls ODE local truncation error, yielding practical step-size/step-count guidance. Motivated by this, we introduce a curvature-aware sampler that uses an EMA straightness proxy to adapt blending and step sizes at inference. Across incompressible and compressible multiscale 2D flows, it matches diffusion baselines in Wasserstein statistics and spectra, preserves fine-scale structure beyond MSE surrogates, and significantly reduces inference cost.
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