将引导模块与扩散模型解耦训练,提升离线强化学习效率与可复用性。
Modular Diffusion Policy Training: Decoupling and Recombining Guidance and Diffusion for Offline RL
- 先独立训练引导模块作为价值估计器,再冻结用于指导扩散模型
- 相比联合训练,样本效率提升,最终性能更好,内存占用更低
- 不同算法的引导模块可直接互换,实现零成本迁移
Classifier-free guidance 在基于扩散的强化学习中展现出强大潜力。然而,现有方法依赖引导模块与扩散模型的联合训练,在早期阶段因引导不准确导致噪声学习信号。在离线强化学习中,引导仅依赖离线数据(观测、动作、奖励),与策略行为无关,表明联合训练非必要。本文提出解耦训练方法,基于三大发现:1)引导必要性:分析引导有效性随训练阶段和算法变化,揭示引导与扩散的分工;2)引导优先扩散训练:先独立训练引导模块为价值估计器,再冻结并以分类器自由奖励引导方式指导扩散模型,降低内存开销,提升计算效率、样本效率与最终性能;3)跨模块可迁移性:使用两个独立训练的引导模块(训练与推理阶段各一),显著降低归一化得分方差(如四分位距减少86%)。我们证明,一种算法(如IDQL)训练的引导模块可直接用于另一算法(如DQL),无需额外训练,达到基线性能,展现强模组化与可迁移性。在D4RL基准上提供理论依据与实证验证。研究建议一种新的离线强化学习范式:模块化、可复用、可组合的训练流程。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Classifier free guidance has shown strong potential in diffusion-based reinforcement learning. However, existing methods rely on joint training of the guidance module and the diffusion model, which can be suboptimal during the early stages when the guidance is inaccurate and provides noisy learning signals. In offline RL, guidance depends solely on offline data: observations, actions, and rewards, and is independent of the policy module's behavior, suggesting that joint training is not required. This paper proposes modular training methods that decouple the guidance module from the diffusion model, based on three key findings: Guidance Necessity: We explore how the effectiveness of guidance varies with the training stage and algorithm choice, uncovering the roles of guidance and diffusion. A lack of good guidance in the early stage presents an opportunity for optimization. Guidance-First Diffusion Training: We introduce a method where the guidance module is first trained independently as a value estimator, then frozen to guide the diffusion model using classifier-free reward guidance. This modularization reduces memory usage, improves computational efficiency, and enhances both sample efficiency and final performance. Cross-Module Transferability: Applying two independently trained guidance models, one during training and the other during inference, can significantly reduce normalized score variance (e.g., reducing IQR by 86%). We show that guidance modules trained with one algorithm (e.g., IDQL) can be directly reused with another (e.g., DQL), with no additional training required, demonstrating baseline-level performance as well as strong modularity and transferability. We provide theoretical justification and empirical validation on bullet D4RL benchmarks. Our findings suggest a new paradigm for offline RL: modular, reusable, and composable training pipelines.
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