通过细粒度时间偏好优化,提升视频生成的运动质量。
DenseDPO: Fine-Grained Temporal Preference Optimization for Video Diffusion Models
- 用受损视频重建对生成对比对,消除运动偏差。
- 在短片段上标注偏好,数据量减三分之一仍更优。
- 可自动用视觉语言模型标注,省去人工成本。
直接偏好优化(DPO)被用于文本到视频扩散模型的后训练。现有方法让标注者比较独立噪声生成的两段视频,但无法进行细粒度比较,且易偏向低运动片段(因视觉伪影少)。本文提出DenseDPO,有三方面贡献:第一,通过修复真实视频的损坏副本生成视频对,保持相似运动结构但局部细节不同,有效中和运动偏差;第二,利用时间对齐特性,在短片段而非整段视频上标注偏好,获得更密集、精确的学习信号;仅需原始数据三分之一标注量,DenseDPO在运动生成上显著优于基线DPO,同时在文本对齐、视觉质量和时间一致性上持平;第三,证明可用现成视觉语言模型(如GPT)自动标注偏好,其预测效果接近专用微调的视频奖励模型,且基于此类自动标签训练的DenseDPO性能接近人类标注版本。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has recently been applied as a post-training technique for text-to-video diffusion models. To obtain training data, annotators are asked to provide preferences between two videos generated from independent noise. However, this approach prohibits fine-grained comparisons, and we point out that it biases the annotators towards low-motion clips as they often contain fewer visual artifacts. In this work, we introduce DenseDPO, a method that addresses these shortcomings by making three contributions. First, we create each video pair for DPO by denoising corrupted copies of a ground truth video. This results in aligned pairs with similar motion structures while differing in local details, effectively neutralizing the motion bias. Second, we leverage the resulting temporal alignment to label preferences on short segments rather than entire clips, yielding a denser and more precise learning signal. With only one-third of the labeled data, DenseDPO greatly improves motion generation over vanilla DPO, while matching it in text alignment, visual quality, and temporal consistency. Finally, we show that DenseDPO unlocks automatic preference annotation using off-the-shelf Vision Language Models (VLMs): GPT accurately predicts segment-level preferences similar to task-specifically fine-tuned video reward models, and DenseDPO trained on these labels achieves performance close to using human labels.
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