arXiv:2506.04190cs.LG2025-06KDD被引 4

用外部图数据提升异常检测,解决标注少、类型多的难题。

How to Use Graph Data in the Wild to Help Graph Anomaly Detection?

  • 引入外部图数据构建统一数据库,增强正常模式学习
  • 在6个真实数据集上平均提升18% AUCROC、32% AUCPR
  • 适合缺乏标注、异常类型复杂的工业场景使用

近年来,图异常检测在社交、金融和通信网络中广泛应用。然而,图结构数据中的异常面临标签稀缺、定义模糊及类型多样等挑战,使有监督或半监督方法不可靠。研究者常采用无监督方法,假设异常与正常数据分布差异显著。但当可用数据不足时,准确全面地捕捉正常分布变得困难。为克服此限制,我们提出利用外部图数据(即“图数据在野”)辅助异常检测任务。为此,我们构建了统一数据库UniWildGraph,涵盖大量跨领域、高多样性、统一特征空间的图数据。进一步设计基于代表性与多样性的筛选标准,选取最适配的外部数据。在六个真实数据集上的实验表明,Wild-GAD框架相比基线方法,平均提升18% AUCROC与32% AUCPR。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In recent years, graph anomaly detection has found extensive applications in various domains such as social, financial, and communication networks. However, anomalies in graph-structured data present unique challenges, including label scarcity, ill-defined anomalies, and varying anomaly types, making supervised or semi-supervised methods unreliable. Researchers often adopt unsupervised approaches to address these challenges, assuming that anomalies deviate significantly from the normal data distribution. Yet, when the available data is insufficient, capturing the normal distribution accurately and comprehensively becomes difficult. To overcome this limitation, we propose to utilize external graph data (i.e., graph data in the wild) to help anomaly detection tasks. This naturally raises the question: How can we use external data to help graph anomaly detection tasks? To answer this question, we propose a framework called Wild-GAD. It is built upon a unified database, UniWildGraph, which comprises a large and diverse collection of graph data with broad domain coverage, ample data volume, and a unified feature space. Further, we develop selection criteria based on representativity and diversity to identify the most suitable external data for anomaly detection task. Extensive experiments on six real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of Wild-GAD. Compared to the baseline methods, our framework has an average 18% AUCROC and 32% AUCPR improvement over the best-competing methods.

图神经网络异常检测外部数据

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