让AI自己发现可执行技能并迭代优化,无需人工干预。
Automated Skill Discovery for Language Agents through Exploration and Iterative Feedback
- 用探索代理生成环境可行的技能数据,再训练目标代理。
- 在Webshop和Crafter上实现性能显著提升,无需人工标注。
- 支持自进化系统,相同模型作双角色时效果更佳。
训练大型语言模型(LLM)代理在环境中掌握必要技能并完成多样化任务,是实现开放性的重要途径。然而,构建用于技能学习的训练数据面临诸多挑战:手动轨迹收集需大量人力;直接由LLM提出学习任务往往无效,因缺乏对任务可行性认知;且生成数据可能无有效学习信号,因代理已能较好完成所提任务。为此,我们提出一种新颖的自动化技能发现框架EXIF,旨在提升生成目标行为的可行性并考虑代理能力。该方法采用探索优先策略,由探索代理(Alice)与环境交互,回溯生成环境依赖的可行技能数据集,用于训练目标代理(Bob)。关键在于引入迭代反馈环路:Alice评估Bob表现以识别改进点,进而指导下一轮探索,形成闭环数据生成过程。在Webshop和Crafter上的实验表明,EXIF可有效发现有意义技能,并迭代扩展代理能力,全程无需人类介入,取得显著性能提升。有趣的是,当Alice与Bob使用同一模型时,性能也明显改善,表明EXIF具备构建自演化系统的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Training large language model (LLM) agents to acquire necessary skills and perform diverse tasks within an environment is gaining interest as a means to enable open-endedness. However, creating the training dataset for their skill acquisition faces several challenges. Manual trajectory collection requires significant human effort. Another approach, where LLMs directly propose tasks to learn, is often invalid, as the LLMs lack knowledge of which tasks are actually feasible. Moreover, the generated data may not provide a meaningful learning signal, as agents often already perform well on the proposed tasks. To address this, we propose a novel automatic skill discovery framework EXIF for LLM-powered agents, designed to improve the feasibility of generated target behaviors while accounting for the agents' capabilities. Our method adopts an exploration-first strategy by employing an exploration agent (Alice) to train the target agent (Bob) to learn essential skills in the environment. Specifically, Alice first interacts with the environment to retrospectively generate a feasible, environment-grounded skill dataset, which is then used to train Bob. Crucially, we incorporate an iterative feedback loop, where Alice evaluates Bob's performance to identify areas for improvement. This feedback then guides Alice's next round of exploration, forming a closed-loop data generation process. Experiments on Webshop and Crafter demonstrate EXIF's ability to effectively discover meaningful skills and iteratively expand the capabilities of the trained agent without any human intervention, achieving substantial performance improvements. Interestingly, we observe that setting Alice to the same model as Bob also notably improves performance, demonstrating EXIF's potential for building a self-evolving system.
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