让机器像生命一样自我维持，靠能量自洽存活
Energentic Intelligence: From Self-Sustaining Systems to Enduring Artificial Life
- 以能量自持为核心目标，构建闭环控制架构
- 模拟中实现无需监督的资源自适应行为
- 适合长期运行在资源不稳环境中的智能体
本文提出能量智能（Energentic Intelligence），一类不以任务表现衡量、而以自身能量自持能力为关键目标的自主系统。与传统基于奖励的范式不同，这些智能体将复杂能量与热力条件下的持续运行视为核心目标。通过能量驱动效用函数和生存可行性约束的生存时域，我们形式化了该原则，并设计了一种模块化架构，集成能量采集、热力调控与自适应计算，构成闭环控制系统。在模拟环境中，系统自发涌现出稳定且资源敏感的行为，无需外部干预。这些成果共同为部署于资源波动剧烈、基础设施不可靠的场景中，需自我调节持久性的自主代理提供了理论与架构基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper introduces Energentic Intelligence, a class of autonomous systems defined not by task performance, but by their capacity to sustain themselves through internal energy regulation. Departing from conventional reward-driven paradigms, these agents treat survival-maintaining functional operation under fluctuating energetic and thermal conditions-as the central objective. We formalize this principle through an energy-based utility function and a viability-constrained survival horizon, and propose a modular architecture that integrates energy harvesting, thermal regulation, and adaptive computation into a closed-loop control system. A simulated environment demonstrates the emergence of stable, resource-aware behavior without external supervision. Together, these contributions provide a theoretical and architectural foundation for deploying autonomous agents in resource-volatile settings where persistence must be self-regulated and infrastructure cannot be assumed.
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