AI生成内容无意图，不应受宪法第一修正案保护
Intentionally Unintentional: GenAI Exceptionalism and the First Amendment
- 模型无意识，输出不构成法律意义上的言论
- 用户无权主张接收AI输出的言论自由权
- 保护AI言论会阻碍政府监管，加剧虚假信息传播
本文质疑法院应否赋予大型生成式AI模型（如GPT-4和Gemini）输出内容以宪法第一修正案保护。我们主张，由于这些模型缺乏意图性，其输出不符合法律上对言论的定义，因此不存在可保护的言论。此外，若模型输出非言论，则用户亦无法主张接收该输出的言论自由权利。我们认为，将第一修正案延伸至AI模型无助于实现言论自由的核心目的，如促进思想市场、推动自我治理或鼓励自我表达。相反，赋予AI模型言论自由将削弱政府对这些强大技术的有效监管能力，可能导致虚假信息等危害的失控扩散。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper challenges the assumption that courts should grant First Amendment protections to outputs from large generative AI models, such as GPT-4 and Gemini. We argue that because these models lack intentionality, their outputs do not constitute speech as understood in the context of established legal precedent, so there can be no speech to protect. Furthermore, if the model outputs are not speech, users cannot claim a First Amendment speech right to receive the outputs. We also argue that extending First Amendment rights to AI models would not serve the fundamental purposes of free speech, such as promoting a marketplace of ideas, facilitating self-governance, or fostering self-expression. In fact, granting First Amendment protections to AI models would be detrimental to society because it would hinder the government's ability to regulate these powerful technologies effectively, potentially leading to the unchecked spread of misinformation and other harms.
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