让大模型自己决定搜索路径,更智能地解难题。
LLM-First Search: Self-Guided Exploration of the Solution Space
- 大模型自主判断该继续当前思路还是尝试新分支。
- 在难题上表现更好,且计算开销更低,尤其用强模型时。
- 无需调参,适合希望自动推理的开发者或研究者。
大型语言模型(LLMs)通过增加测试时计算量,在推理与规划任务中展现出显著进步,常将问题求解视为搜索过程。尽管蒙特卡洛树搜索(MCTS)等方法在某些领域有效,但其依赖固定探索超参数,难以适应不同难度的任务,导致部分场景下不实用或成本过高。本文提出新颖的「LLM-First Search(LFS)」方法,一种由大模型自引导的搜索机制,无需预设搜索策略,让模型通过内部评分自主控制搜索进程。相比依赖外部启发式或硬编码规则的方法,该方法能根据上下文灵活调整,避免人工调参与任务适配。我们在计数游戏(Countdown)和数独(Sudoku)上对比了三种经典搜索算法:思维树广度优先搜索(ToT-BFS)、最佳优先搜索(BestFS)和MCTS。结果表明,LFS(1)在更具挑战性的任务中表现更优,无需额外调参;(2)计算效率更高,尤其在使用更强模型时;(3)随模型能力增强而更好扩展;(4)随计算预算增加具有更优可扩展性。代码已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable improvements in reasoning and planning through increased test-time compute, often by framing problem-solving as a search process. While methods like Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) have proven effective in some domains, their reliance on fixed exploration hyperparameters limits their adaptability across tasks of varying difficulty, rendering them impractical or expensive in certain settings. In this paper, we propose \textbf{LLM-First Search (LFS)}, a novel \textit{LLM Self-Guided Search} method that removes the need for pre-defined search strategies by empowering the LLM to autonomously control the search process via self-guided exploration. Rather than relying on external heuristics or hardcoded policies, the LLM evaluates whether to pursue the current search path or explore alternative branches based on its internal scoring mechanisms. This enables more flexible and context-sensitive reasoning without requiring manual tuning or task-specific adaptation. We evaluate LFS on Countdown and Sudoku against three classic widely-used search algorithms, Tree-of-Thoughts' Breadth First Search (ToT-BFS), Best First Search (BestFS), and MCTS, each of which have been used to achieve SotA results on a range of challenging reasoning tasks. We found that LFS (1) performs better on more challenging tasks without additional tuning, (2) is more computationally efficient compared to the other methods, especially when powered by a stronger model, (3) scales better with stronger models, due to its LLM-First design, and (4) scales better with increased compute budget. Our code is publicly available at \href{https://github.com/NathanHerr/LLM-First-Search}{LLM-First-Search}.
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