利用机器学习与公众科学,发现1万颗统一验证的食双星,助力恒星演化研究。
The TESS Ten Thousand Catalog: 10,001 uniformly-vetted and -validated Eclipsing Binary Stars detected in Full-Frame Image data by machine learning and analyzed by citizen scientists
- 用神经网络从全帧图像中筛查出百万级候选,再经人工与自动方法深度分析
- 最终确认10001颗食双星,其中7936为新发现,2065个更新了轨道参数
- 适合研究恒星形成与演化,也开放近百万未验证候选供进一步探索
凌日系外行星巡天卫星(TESS)以200秒至30分钟的时间分辨率和至少27天的时基,对几乎整个天空进行了全帧图像观测。除寻找系外行星外,TESS在变星探测方面表现优异,尤其擅长发现短周期食双星——这类天体占恒星总数的几百分之一,是研究恒星形成与演化的强大实验室。本研究基于TESS前82个扇区的全帧图像数据,采用神经网络识别出约120万颗具有食现象特征的恒星。从中对约6万颗目标进行自动化分析及公众科学家的人工检查。本文发布一份包含10001颗统一筛选并验证的食双星的星表,这些系统均通过轨道周期与光中心测试,并经过补充视觉审查。其中7936颗为新发现,2065颗为已知系统,其轨道周期信息得到更新。我们介绍了目标的检测与分析流程,讨论样本特性,并突出若干潜在有趣的系统。此外,还提供约90万条未验证候选,其神经网络得分高于0.9且周围一个TESS像素范围(约21角秒)内无已知食双星。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has surveyed nearly the entire sky in Full-Frame Image mode with a time resolution of 200 seconds to 30 minutes and a temporal baseline of at least 27 days. In addition to the primary goal of discovering new exoplanets, TESS is exceptionally capable at detecting variable stars, and in particular short-period eclipsing binaries which are relatively common, making up a few percent of all stars, and represent powerful astrophysical laboratories for deep investigations of stellar formation and evolution. We combed Sectors 1-82 of TESS Full-Frame Image data searching for eclipsing binary stars using a neural network that identified ~1.2 million stars with eclipse-like features. Of these, we have performed an in-depth analysis on ~60,000 targets using automated methods and manual inspection by citizen scientists. Here we present a catalog of 10001 uniformly-vetted and -validated eclipsing binary stars that passed all our ephemeris and photocenter tests, as well as complementary visual inspection. Of these, 7936 are new eclipsing binaries while the remaining 2065 are known systems for which we update the published ephemerides. We outline the detection and analysis of the targets, discuss the properties of the sample, and highlight potentially interesting systems. Finally, we also provide a list of ~900,000 unvetted and unvalidated targets for which the neural network found eclipse-like features with a score higher than 0.9, and for which there are no known eclipsing binaries within a sky-projected separation of a TESS pixel (~21 arcsec).
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