用自然视觉扰动非侵入式调控猴脑高级视觉区神经活动
Noninvasive precision modulation of high-level neural population activity via natural vision perturbations
- 基于视觉流模型设计细微背景扰动，实现精准神经调控
- 实测显示靶向神经元活动被显著调节，邻近神经元几乎不受影响
- 为未来无创脑机接口提供新思路，适合神经工程与认知科学读者
精确控制神经活动——在不干扰邻近神经元的前提下，调控大脑深处的目标神经元——是神经科学中的重大挑战，通常依赖侵入性手段。本研究探索通过自然视觉输入的微小扰动，非侵入式调控灵长类动物高级视觉通路（腹侧视觉流）中神经群体活动的可能性。在恒河猴下颞叶（IT）神经群体上的实验表明，模型预测效果与生物实际结果高度一致：强效调控集中在目标神经位点。研究进一步验证了通过在典型自然视觉背景上施加细微扰动，可准确注入研究人员指定的神经群体模式。这些结果表明，当前可由机器执行的腹侧视觉流模型已能设计出非侵入性、视觉传递、可能不可察觉的神经干预，其精度可达单个神经元级别。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Precise control of neural activity -- modulating target neurons deep in the brain while leaving nearby neurons unaffected -- is an outstanding challenge in neuroscience, generally approached using invasive techniques. This study investigates the possibility of precisely and noninvasively modulating neural activity in the high-level primate ventral visual stream via perturbations on one's natural visual feed. When tested on macaque inferior temporal (IT) neural populations, we found quantitative agreement between the model-predicted and biologically realized effect: strong modulation concentrated on targeted neural sites. We extended this to demonstrate accurate injection of experimenter-chosen neural population patterns via subtle perturbations applied on the background of typical natural visual feeds. These results highlight that current machine-executable models of the ventral stream can now design noninvasive, visually-delivered, possibly imperceptible neural interventions at the resolution of individual neurons.
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