用驾驶模式嵌入框架,精准捕捉单个司机在不同路况下的行为变化。
A Driving Regime-Embedded Deep Learning Framework for Modeling Intra-Driver Heterogeneity in Multi-Scale Car-Following Dynamics
- 将驾驶模式分类与运动预测结合,用GRU和LSTM统一建模
- 加速度预测误差最高降低58.47%,能复现停走波等交通现象
- 适合研究个性化驾驶行为或智能交通系统的人参考
车流跟驰建模的核心挑战在于准确刻画驾驶行为的多尺度复杂性,尤其是单个驾驶员在不同条件下行为动态变化的内在异质性。现有模型虽部分考虑行为差异,但多侧重于驾驶员间差异或依赖简化假设,难以捕捉单一驾驶员在不同驾驶状态下的动态异质性。为此,我们提出一种新型数据驱动的跟驰框架,将离散驾驶模式(如匀速跟随、加速、巡航)嵌入车辆运动预测中。基于高分辨率交通轨迹数据,该混合深度学习架构采用门控循环单元(GRU)进行驾驶模式分类,结合长短期记忆网络(LSTM)实现连续运动预测,统一离散决策与连续动力学,全面表征驾驶员间与内部的异质性。驾驶模式通过自底向上分割算法与动态时间规整(DTW)识别,确保在多样交通场景下对行为状态的鲁棒表征。对比分析表明,该框架显著降低加速度(最大均方误差改善达58.47%)、速度与间距的预测误差,同时可复现停走波传播与振荡动力学等关键交通现象。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
A fundamental challenge in car-following modeling lies in accurately representing the multi-scale complexity of driving behaviors, particularly the intra-driver heterogeneity where a single driver's actions fluctuate dynamically under varying conditions. While existing models, both conventional and data-driven, address behavioral heterogeneity to some extent, they often emphasize inter-driver heterogeneity or rely on simplified assumptions, limiting their ability to capture the dynamic heterogeneity of a single driver under different driving conditions. To address this gap, we propose a novel data-driven car-following framework that systematically embeds discrete driving regimes (e.g., steady-state following, acceleration, cruising) into vehicular motion predictions. Leveraging high-resolution traffic trajectory datasets, the proposed hybrid deep learning architecture combines Gated Recurrent Units for discrete driving regime classification with Long Short-Term Memory networks for continuous kinematic prediction, unifying discrete decision-making processes and continuous vehicular dynamics to comprehensively represent inter- and intra-driver heterogeneity. Driving regimes are identified using a bottom-up segmentation algorithm and Dynamic Time Warping, ensuring robust characterization of behavioral states across diverse traffic scenarios. Comparative analyses demonstrate that the framework significantly reduces prediction errors for acceleration (maximum MSE improvement reached 58.47\%), speed, and spacing metrics while reproducing critical traffic phenomena, such as stop-and-go wave propagation and oscillatory dynamics.
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