arXiv:2506.06396cs.CLcs.AI2025-06

在战场物联网设备上用自然语言查询数据库,实现快速决策支持。

Natural Language Interaction with Databases on Edge Devices in the Internet of Battlefield Things

  • 用小型大模型将自然语言转为数据库查询语句
  • 采用双阶段流程使查询准确率提升19.4%
  • 适合军事边缘计算与实时情报分析场景

战场物联网(IoBT)的扩展为提升态势感知提供了新机遇。为增强关键决策中的信息可用性,需将设备数据转化为可消费的信息对象并按需提供。本文提出一种工作流,利用自然语言处理(NLP)查询数据库,并以自然语言返回结果。方案采用适配边缘设备的大型语言模型(LLM)完成自然语言到Cypher查询的映射,以及对数据库输出的自然语言摘要。在新墨西哥州拉斯克鲁塞斯市朱恩达范围的美军多用途传感区(MSA)公开数据集上,评估多个中等规模的LLM。结果显示,Llama 3.1(80亿参数)在所有指标上表现最优。更重要的是,该双阶段方法放宽了查询语句与标准答案的精确匹配要求,使准确率提升19.4%。本工作为在边缘设备部署大模型以支持自然语言数据库交互奠定了基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the battlefield, Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT), gives rise to new opportunities for enhancing situational awareness. To increase the potential of IoBT for situational awareness in critical decision making, the data from these devices must be processed into consumer-ready information objects, and made available to consumers on demand. To address this challenge we propose a workflow that makes use of natural language processing (NLP) to query a database technology and return a response in natural language. Our solution utilizes Large Language Models (LLMs) that are sized for edge devices to perform NLP as well as graphical databases which are well suited for dynamic connected networks which are pervasive in the IoBT. Our architecture employs LLMs for both mapping questions in natural language to Cypher database queries as well as to summarize the database output back to the user in natural language. We evaluate several medium sized LLMs for both of these tasks on a database representing publicly available data from the US Army's Multipurpose Sensing Area (MSA) at the Jornada Range in Las Cruces, NM. We observe that Llama 3.1 (8 billion parameters) outperforms the other models across all the considered metrics. Most importantly, we note that, unlike current methods, our two step approach allows the relaxation of the Exact Match (EM) requirement of the produced Cypher queries with ground truth code and, in this way, it achieves a 19.4% increase in accuracy. Our workflow lays the ground work for deploying LLMs on edge devices to enable natural language interactions with databases containing information objects for critical decision making.

边缘计算自然语言查询战场物联网大模型

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