评估AI代理在美工作中的自动化与增强潜力,发现人类参与度需求多样。
Future of Work with AI Agents: Auditing Automation and Augmentation Potential across the U.S. Workforce
- 通过音频访谈和人类能动性量表,量化工人对AI参与程度的偏好
- 构建包含1500名工人、844项任务的WORKBank数据库,划分四类任务区
- 揭示人机协作新趋势:未来技能重心转向人际互动而非信息处理
复合型AI系统(即AI代理)的快速兴起正在重塑劳动力市场,引发对岗位替代、人类自主性削弱及过度依赖自动化的担忧。本文提出一种新型审计框架,评估劳动者希望AI代理自动化或增强哪些工作任务,并分析其意愿与当前技术能力的匹配度。该框架采用音频增强的微型访谈捕捉工人的细微需求,引入人类能动性量表(HAS)作为量化人类参与程度的统一语言。基于此,我们构建了WORKBank数据库,依托美国劳工部的O*NET数据,收集了1500名领域工作者的偏好和844项任务上超过104个职业的专家能力评估。综合意愿与能力,将任务划分为四个区域:自动化‘绿灯’区、‘红灯’区、研发机会区、低优先级区,揭示出关键技术错配与开发机遇。研究突破简单的‘可自动化与否’二元判断,发现不同职业具有差异化的HAS特征,反映对人类参与度的异质性期待。此外,结果预示了AI代理融合将重塑核心人力资本,从信息处理技能转向人际能力。这些发现强调了将AI代理发展与人类意愿对齐的重要性,并为应对未来职场动态变化提供准备。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid rise of compound AI systems (a.k.a., AI agents) is reshaping the labor market, raising concerns about job displacement, diminished human agency, and overreliance on automation. Yet, we lack a systematic understanding of the evolving landscape. In this paper, we address this gap by introducing a novel auditing framework to assess which occupational tasks workers want AI agents to automate or augment, and how those desires align with the current technological capabilities. Our framework features an audio-enhanced mini-interview to capture nuanced worker desires and introduces the Human Agency Scale (HAS) as a shared language to quantify the preferred level of human involvement. Using this framework, we construct the WORKBank database, building on the U.S. Department of Labor's O*NET database, to capture preferences from 1,500 domain workers and capability assessments from AI experts across over 844 tasks spanning 104 occupations. Jointly considering the desire and technological capability divides tasks in WORKBank into four zones: Automation "Green Light" Zone, Automation "Red Light" Zone, R&D Opportunity Zone, Low Priority Zone. This highlights critical mismatches and opportunities for AI agent development. Moving beyond a simple automate-or-not dichotomy, our results reveal diverse HAS profiles across occupations, reflecting heterogeneous expectations for human involvement. Moreover, our study offers early signals of how AI agent integration may reshape the core human competencies, shifting from information-focused skills to interpersonal ones. These findings underscore the importance of aligning AI agent development with human desires and preparing workers for evolving workplace dynamics.
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