让视觉模型像人一样动态看图,逐步推理并自我验证。
Multi-Step Visual Reasoning with Visual Tokens Scaling and Verification
- 推理时动态调整视觉信息,不再一次性编码整图。
- 在多个视觉推理基准上超越现有方法,准确率显著提升。
- 适合需要精细、可解释视觉理解的科研与应用领域。
多模态大语言模型(MLLM)通过融合视觉感知与语言理解,已在图像对话、视觉问答和科学分析等任务中取得显著进展。然而,多数MLLM采用静态推理范式,提前将整幅图像编码为固定视觉令牌,限制了其在推理过程中迭代优化理解或适应上下文的能力。这与人类动态、选择性且反馈驱动的感知机制形成鲜明对比。本文提出一种新的推理时视觉令牌缩放框架,使MLLM能够对视觉内容进行迭代、验证器引导的推理。我们将问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程,包含一个提出视觉动作的推理器和一个通过多步直接偏好优化(DPO)训练的验证器,用于评估动作并决定推理终止时机。为此,我们构建了新数据集VTS,包含监督推理轨迹(VTS-SFT)和偏好标注的推理比较(VTS-DPO)。所提方法在多个视觉推理基准上显著优于现有方法,不仅提升了准确性,还实现了更可解释、更贴近视觉内容的推理过程。结果表明,动态推理机制为下一代MLLM实现细粒度、上下文感知的视觉推理提供了可能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities by integrating visual perception with language understanding, enabling applications such as image-grounded dialogue, visual question answering, and scientific analysis. However, most MLLMs adopt a static inference paradigm, encoding the entire image into fixed visual tokens upfront, which limits their ability to iteratively refine understanding or adapt to context during inference. This contrasts sharply with human perception, which is dynamic, selective, and feedback-driven. In this work, we introduce a novel framework for inference-time visual token scaling that enables MLLMs to perform iterative, verifier-guided reasoning over visual content. We formulate the problem as a Markov Decision Process, involving a reasoner that proposes visual actions and a verifier, which is trained via multi-step Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), that evaluates these actions and determines when reasoning should terminate. To support this, we present a new dataset, VTS, comprising supervised reasoning trajectories (VTS-SFT) and preference-labeled reasoning comparisons (VTS-DPO). Our method significantly outperforms existing approaches across diverse visual reasoning benchmarks, offering not only improved accuracy but also more interpretable and grounded reasoning processes. These results demonstrate the promise of dynamic inference mechanisms for enabling fine-grained, context-aware visual reasoning in next-generation MLLMs.
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