通过用户研究构建驾驶员行为模型,提升自动驾驶的可信交互能力。
Blending Participatory Design and Artificial Awareness for Trustworthy Autonomous Vehicles
- 基于大规模用户实验,用马尔可夫链建模驾驶员行为。
- 发现车辆透明度、环境和人口统计特征显著影响驾驶行为转移。
- 为多智能体系统提供可解释的人机信任机制,适合自动驾驶研发者。
当前机器人代理(如自动驾驶汽车和无人机)需在不确定的真实环境中具备适当的情境意识(SA)、风险意识、协调与决策能力。SymAware项目旨在设计一个多智能体系统的机器意识架构,以实现自动驾驶汽车与无人机的安全协作。然而,这些代理还需与人类用户(司机、行人、无人机操作员)互动,这就要求理解如何在交互场景中建模人类,并促进代理与人类之间的信任与透明性。本文旨在构建一个数据驱动的人类驾驶员模型,融入我们的情境意识架构,研究基于可信赖的人机交互原则。为收集建模所需数据,我们开展了一项大规模以用户为中心的人机交互研究,探讨自动驾驶汽车的透明度与用户行为之间的关系。本文贡献有二:首先,详细阐述了人车交互研究及其发现;其次,展示了从研究数据中计算出的人类驾驶员马尔可夫链模型。结果显示,根据自动驾驶汽车的透明度、场景环境以及用户人口统计特征,模型的转移行为存在显著差异。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Current robotic agents, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs) and drones, need to deal with uncertain real-world environments with appropriate situational awareness (SA), risk awareness, coordination, and decision-making. The SymAware project strives to address this issue by designing an architecture for artificial awareness in multi-agent systems, enabling safe collaboration of autonomous vehicles and drones. However, these agents will also need to interact with human users (drivers, pedestrians, drone operators), which in turn requires an understanding of how to model the human in the interaction scenario, and how to foster trust and transparency between the agent and the human. In this work, we aim to create a data-driven model of a human driver to be integrated into our SA architecture, grounding our research in the principles of trustworthy human-agent interaction. To collect the data necessary for creating the model, we conducted a large-scale user-centered study on human-AV interaction, in which we investigate the interaction between the AV's transparency and the users' behavior. The contributions of this paper are twofold: First, we illustrate in detail our human-AV study and its findings, and second we present the resulting Markov chain models of the human driver computed from the study's data. Our results show that depending on the AV's transparency, the scenario's environment, and the users' demographics, we can obtain significant differences in the model's transitions.
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