用大模型+降维技术,让流场预测快到秒级,精度超90%
FlowBERT: Prompt-tuned BERT for variable flow field prediction
- 将POD降维与微调大模型结合,压缩流场特征并学习动态演化
- 在少样本下优于传统Transformer,跨工况和机翼形状泛化能力强
- 专设流体模板增强语义信息,适合工程优化与实时控制场景
本研究提出一种基于大语言模型知识迁移的通用流场预测框架,解决传统计算流体力学方法计算成本高及现有深度学习模型跨工况迁移能力弱的问题。框架创新性地将本征正交分解(POD)降维与预训练大模型微调策略结合,其中POD实现流场特征的压缩表示,微调模型则学习状态空间中的系统动力学。为提升模型对流场数据的适应性,设计了面向流体动力学的文本模板,通过增强上下文语义信息提升预测性能。实验表明,该框架在少样本学习场景中优于传统Transformer模型,并在多种来流条件和机翼几何下表现出优异泛化能力。消融实验证实了FlowBERT架构中关键组件的贡献。相较于需数小时计算的传统纳维-斯托克斯方程求解器,本方法将预测时间缩短至秒级,同时保持超过90%的精度。所提出的知识迁移范式为快速流体力学预测开辟新路径,潜在应用涵盖气动优化、流动控制等工程领域。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This study proposes a universal flow field prediction framework based on knowledge transfer from large language model (LLM), addressing the high computational costs of traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and the limited cross-condition transfer capability of existing deep learning models. The framework innovatively integrates Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) dimensionality reduction with fine-tuning strategies for pretrained LLM, where POD facilitates compressed representation of flow field features while the fine-tuned model learns to encode system dynamics in state space. To enhance the model's adaptability to flow field data, we specifically designed fluid dynamics-oriented text templates that improve predictive performance through enriched contextual semantic information. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework outperforms conventional Transformer models in few-shot learning scenarios while exhibiting exceptional generalization across various inflow conditions and airfoil geometries. Ablation studies reveal the contributions of key components in the FlowBERT architecture. Compared to traditional Navier-Stokes equation solvers requiring hours of computation, our approach reduces prediction time to seconds while maintaining over 90% accuracy. The developed knowledge transfer paradigm establishes a new direction for rapid fluid dynamics prediction, with potential applications extending to aerodynamic optimization, flow control, and other engineering domains.
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