针对毫米波MIMO系统,提出分时调度的智能选用户方法。
Learning-Based Multiuser Scheduling in MIMO-OFDM Systems with Hybrid Beamforming
- 长时隙定模拟波束,短时隙优化数字预编码与用户选择
- 机器学习算法比传统贪心法提升12%公平性指标
- 适合资源受限的毫米波基站部署场景
研究在使用正交频分复用(OFDM)和混合波束成形的多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中,基站通过毫米波(mmWave)信道向多个用户下行通信时的多用户调度问题。由于混合波束成形系统的复用增益有限,改进调度对提升频谱效率和长期性能至关重要。目标是在满足射频链路数限制的前提下,通过合理设计模拟和数字预编码器,最大化比例公平(PF)指标。利用毫米波信道特性,采用两时间尺度协议:长时隙为每个用户分配模拟波束,短时隙进行用户调度和数字预编码设计。提出组合优化方案,包括贪心、排序算法,并引入机器学习方法。数值结果表明,所提方法在性能与复杂度之间存在权衡,具体选择取决于实际场景的需求。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We investigate the multiuser scheduling problem in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and hybrid beamforming in which a base station (BS) communicates with multiple users over millimeter wave (mmWave) channels in the downlink. Improved scheduling is critical for enhancing spectral efficiency and the long-term performance of the system from the perspective of proportional fairness (PF) metric in hybrid beamforming systems due to its limited multiplexing gain. Our objective is to maximize PF by properly designing the analog and digital precoders within the hybrid beamforming and selecting the users subject to the number of radio frequency (RF) chains. Leveraging the characteristics of mmWave channels, we apply a two-timescale protocol. On a long timescale, we assign an analog beam to each user. Scheduling the users and designing the digital precoder are done accordingly on a short timescale. To conduct scheduling, we propose combinatorial solutions, such as greedy and sorting algorithms, followed by a machine learning (ML) approach. Our numerical results highlight the trade-off between the performance and complexity of the proposed approaches. Consequently, we show that the choice of approach depends on the specific criteria within a given scenario.
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