arXiv:2506.08319eess.SYcs.RO2025-06

用可微分的科曼模型预测扰动,提前补偿让飞行更稳定

Differentiable Physics-Informed Adaptive Koopman Control for Stable Flight under Unknown Disturbances

  • 融合物理模型与神经网络,用科曼算子学习未知扰动
  • 能预测未来扰动轨迹,实现提前补偿而非被动响应
  • 适合需要高精度抗扰的无人机、空间机器人等系统

机器人系统中的不确定性(如气动干扰)本质上是与环境物理交互的结果,表现为可学习的时空序列而非随机噪声。然而,在非结构化环境中实现高精度控制常受限于复杂的未建模动态和外部扰动。基于学习的方法虽具强大逼近能力,但依赖离线训练且缺乏理论保证;传统鲁棒控制则多为即时响应,无法预见未来扰动趋势。为此,本文提出一种可微分的数据驱动科曼控制框架DEKC。不同于黑箱方法,DEKC采用混合建模策略:保留原始物理模型,同时用深度神经网络参数化科曼算子的提升函数以表征未知残差动态。关键在于将扰动建模为动力系统,在全局线性空间中学习其时间演化,从而预测未来扰动轨迹,并显式纳入控制器进行预补偿。此外,引入在线反向梯度更新机制,实现实时适应时变不确定性。数值仿真在系留空间机器人上验证了该方法对高度耦合不确定性的抑制效果;真实世界实验在四旋翼上进一步证明其在气动干扰与悬挂负载下跟踪敏捷轨迹的优越性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Uncertainties and disturbances in robotic systems, such as aerodynamic forces, are fundamentally outcomes of physical interactions with the environment, manifesting as learnable spatiotemporal sequences rather than random noise. However, achieving high-precision control for robotic systems operating in unstructured environments is often hindered by complex unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances. While learning-based methods offer powerful approximation capabilities, they typically suffer from heavy reliance on offline training and lack theoretical guarantees. Conversely, traditional robust control strategies are predominantly reactive, limited to instantaneous estimation without the foresight to anticipate future disturbance trends. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a differentiable data-enabled Koopman control framework termed DEKC. Unlike black-box approaches, DEKC adopts a hybrid modeling strategy that retains the nominal physics model while employing a deep neural network to parameterize the lifting function of Koopman operator for unknown residual dynamics. Crucially, the framework formulates disturbances as a dynamical system, learning their temporal evolution in a global linear space. This enables the prediction of future disturbance trajectories, which are explicitly integrated into controller for preemptive compensation. Furthermore, an online backward gradient update mechanism is introduced to ensure real-time adaptation to time-varying uncertainties. Numerical simulations on a tethered space robot demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed DEKC in mitigating highly coupled uncertainties. Complementing these results, real-world experiments on a quadrotor substantiate its superiority in tracking agile trajectories under uncertainties induced by aerodynamics and suspended payload.

控制算法科曼模型飞行控制自适应

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