arXiv:2506.08623eess.IVcs.CV2025-06被引 1

模仿生物视觉系统,一次识别16种胎儿器官,准确率超75%。

Biologically Inspired Deep Learning Approaches for Fetal Ultrasound Image Classification

  • 用双路径结构模拟生物视觉:粗略路径+精细路径并行处理
  • 在5298张真实临床图像上,90%器官识别准确率超0.75,75%超0.85
  • 轻量级架构可扩展,适合复杂低质医学图像识别场景

由于图像质量差、类内差异大和类别严重不平衡,第二孕期胎儿超声图像的精准分类仍具挑战。本文提出一种简单而强大的生物启发式深度学习集成框架,可同时区分16种胎儿结构,突破以往仅关注少数解剖目标的研究局限。受生物视觉系统分层模块化组织启发,模型采用两条互补分支:一条“浅层”路径提取低分辨率粗略特征,另一条“深层”路径捕捉高分辨率精细特征,最后融合输出进行预测。据我们所知,现有方法尚未以如此轻量级架构实现如此多类别的识别。我们在5,298张常规临床图像上训练与评估(由三位专家标注,通过Dawid-Skene算法统一),反映真实世界噪声与变异,而非“清洗”数据集。尽管条件复杂,该集成模型(EfficientNet-B0 + EfficientNet-B6,配合LDAM-Focal loss)实现了90%器官识别准确率>0.75,75%器官识别准确率>0.85,性能媲美更复杂的模型在更少类别上的表现。结果表明,生物启发的模块化堆叠策略可在复杂临床环境中实现稳健且可扩展的胎儿解剖结构识别。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate classification of second-trimester fetal ultrasound images remains challenging due to low image quality, high intra-class variability, and significant class imbalance. In this work, we introduce a simple yet powerful, biologically inspired deep learning ensemble framework that-unlike prior studies focused on only a handful of anatomical targets-simultaneously distinguishes 16 fetal structures. Drawing on the hierarchical, modular organization of biological vision systems, our model stacks two complementary branches (a "shallow" path for coarse, low-resolution cues and a "detailed" path for fine, high-resolution features), concatenating their outputs for final prediction. To our knowledge, no existing method has addressed such a large number of classes with a comparably lightweight architecture. We trained and evaluated on 5,298 routinely acquired clinical images (annotated by three experts and reconciled via Dawid-Skene), reflecting real-world noise and variability rather than a "cleaned" dataset. Despite this complexity, our ensemble (EfficientNet-B0 + EfficientNet-B6 with LDAM-Focal loss) identifies 90% of organs with accuracy > 0.75 and 75% of organs with accuracy > 0.85-performance competitive with more elaborate models applied to far fewer categories. These results demonstrate that biologically inspired modular stacking can yield robust, scalable fetal anatomy recognition in challenging clinical settings.

医学影像胎儿超声生物启发多器官识别

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