arXiv:2506.09084cs.LGcs.AI2025-06被引 1

用多粒度奖励机制,让大模型自动优化网页展示效果。

PageLLM: A Multi-Grained Reward Framework for Whole-Page Optimization with Large Language Models

  • 将用户隐式行为拆解为四种对比偏好对,覆盖相关性、排序、多样性与冗余度
  • 联合粗粒度页面级与细粒度项目级奖励,提升点击率和转化率
  • 在真实电商场景验证,显著优于单一奖励策略,适合大规模推荐系统

全页优化(WPO)决定搜索与推荐结果的呈现方式。大语言模型(LLM)通过将页面生成视为序列生成,为WPO提供了新路径。然而,将LLM应用于网页规模的WPO仍受限于高昂的人工标注成本,以及页面级连贯性与项目级排列之间的粒度不匹配。本文揭示这两个挑战相互关联:仅依赖隐式用户反馈即可实现对齐,前提是奖励信号分解为两种互补的粒度。我们提出PageLLM,一种基于奖励的微调框架,(i) 将隐式反馈转化为涵盖相关性、排序、多样性和冗余度的四类对比偏好对;(ii) 学习粗粒度页面级奖励与细粒度项目级奖励,捕捉敏感于用户参与度的位置交换;(iii) 在预训练LLM上采用基于PPO的强化学习人类反馈(RLHF)融合双奖励。在七个Amazon品类上对十一个基线进行的大量实验表明,单独使用任一奖励均不足——缺失页面级或项目级信号分别导致NDCG@100下降17.8%和15.2%,而联合奖励使NDCG@100最高提升46.8%。在覆盖1000万用户的线上A/B测试中,PageLLM带来GMV提升0.44%、点击率提升0.14%,证实了从隐式反馈中提取的多粒度奖励可规模化应用于生产级WPO。代码与数据已发布于匿名仓库。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Whole-page optimization (WPO) decides how search and recommendation results are surfaced to users, and large language models (LLMs) open a new route to it by treating page generation as sequence generation. Adapting LLMs to web-scale WPO, however, remains bottlenecked by the need for costly human annotations and by the mismatched granularity between page-level coherence and item-level placement. In this work we show that these two challenges are coupled: implicit user feedback alone suffices for alignment, provided the reward signal is decoupled into two complementary granularities. We propose PageLLM, a reward-based fine-tuning framework that (i) turns implicit feedback into four contrastive preference-pair families covering relevance, ranking, diversity, and redundancy, (ii) learns a coarse page-level reward and a fine item-level reward that captures engagement-sensitive position swaps, and (iii) combines both rewards in PPO-based RLHF over a pre-trained LLM. Extensive experiments on seven Amazon categories against eleven baselines show that neither reward alone is sufficient -- dropping the page-level or item-level signal reduces NDCG@100 by 17.8% and 15.2% respectively, whereas the joint reward improves NDCG@100 by up to 46.8%. Deployed in a 10M-user online A/B test, PageLLM raises GMV by 0.44% and click-through rate by 0.14%, confirming that multi-grained rewards from implicit feedback scale to production WPO. Code and data are available at an anonymized repository.

大模型优化推荐系统强化学习多粒度奖励

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