arXiv:2506.09397cs.DCcs.AI2025-06中稿 · SEC 2025: Tenth AC…被引 25

用推测解码让边缘设备高效运行大模型,不降精度还省成本。

SLED: A Speculative LLM Decoding Framework for Efficient Edge Serving

  • 边缘设备本地草拟候选词,服务器统一验证,分摊计算负担。
  • 实测吞吐量提升2.2倍,系统容量提升2.8倍,精度不变。
  • 适合资源受限的边缘部署,尤其支持异构设备协同。

大型语言模型(LLMs)复杂度持续上升,而边缘设备算力有限,导致本地推理效率受限。现有方法如激进量化、剪枝或远程推理,要么牺牲精度,要么增加成本。本文提出SLED框架,将推测解码应用于边缘计算,通过异构设备协作实现高效推理:轻量级边缘设备本地使用多个草稿模型生成候选词,共享的边缘服务器以更精确的目标模型批量验证。该设计支持设备异构性,减少服务器内存占用。在Jetson Orin Nano、Raspberry Pi 4B/5及配备4块Nvidia A100 GPU的服务器上实验表明,系统吞吐量提升2.2倍,系统容量提升2.8倍,且保持模型精度,显著提升成本效益。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The growing gap between the increasing complexity of large language models (LLMs) and the limited computational budgets of edge devices poses a key challenge for efficient on-device inference, despite gradual improvements in hardware capabilities. Existing strategies, such as aggressive quantization, pruning, or remote inference, trade accuracy for efficiency or lead to substantial cost burdens. This position paper introduces a new framework that leverages speculative decoding, previously viewed primarily as a decoding acceleration technique for autoregressive generation of LLMs, as a promising approach specifically adapted for edge computing by orchestrating computation across heterogeneous devices. We propose \acronym, a framework that allows lightweight edge devices to draft multiple candidate tokens locally using diverse draft models, while a single, shared edge server verifies the tokens utilizing a more precise target model. To further increase the efficiency of verification, the edge server batch the diverse verification requests from devices. This approach supports device heterogeneity and reduces server-side memory footprint by sharing the same upstream target model across multiple devices. Our initial experiments with Jetson Orin Nano, Raspberry Pi 4B/5, and an edge server equipped with 4 Nvidia A100 GPUs indicate substantial benefits: 2.2 more system throughput, 2.8 more system capacity, and better cost efficiency, all without sacrificing model accuracy.

边缘计算推测解码LLM优化异构部署

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