AI在热力学考试中全对，表现超越所有学生。
Superstudent intelligence in thermodynamics
- 零样本直接答题，基于热力学原理推理求解。
- o3模型得分达到1985年以来最顶尖水平，超过上万份考卷纪录。
- 揭示机器已具备人类级复杂思维能力，影响工程教育与职业发展。
本文报告并分析了一个显著事件：OpenAI的大型语言模型o3在一所大学的热力学考试中击败了所有学生。该考试是学生掌握热力学核心知识的重要考验，因需创造性结合热力学原理而难度极高，通过率低，A等级极为罕见，被视为智力卓越的证明。我们向学生和OpenAI最强推理模型o3同时发放最新热力学考试，并以相同标准评估其答案。在零样本模式下，o3所有问题均正确作答，整体成绩优于所有考生，处于自1985年以来超过一万份类似考试中最顶尖的水平。这一结果标志着一个转折点：机器已在通常被视为人类智力象征的复杂任务上表现出色。本文讨论其对工程师工作及未来工程教育的深远影响。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In this short note, we report and analyze a striking event: OpenAI's large language model o3 has outwitted all students in a university exam on thermodynamics. The thermodynamics exam is a difficult hurdle for most students, where they must show that they have mastered the fundamentals of this important topic. Consequently, the failure rates are very high, A-grades are rare - and they are considered proof of the students' exceptional intellectual abilities. This is because pattern learning does not help in the exam. The problems can only be solved by knowledgeably and creatively combining principles of thermodynamics. We have given our latest thermodynamics exam not only to the students but also to OpenAI's most powerful reasoning model, o3, and have assessed the answers of o3 exactly the same way as those of the students. In zero-shot mode, the model o3 solved all problems correctly, better than all students who took the exam; its overall score was in the range of the best scores we have seen in more than 10,000 similar exams since 1985. This is a turning point: machines now excel in complex tasks, usually taken as proof of human intellectual capabilities. We discuss the consequences this has for the work of engineers and the education of future engineers.
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