现有用户参与实践与负责任AI目标存在脱节，需针对性改进。
Stakeholder Participation for Responsible AI Development: Disconnects Between Guidance and Current Practice
- 分析56份rAI指南，提炼出推动利益相关方参与的四大目标
- 调研130名从业者发现，实际参与主要受商业利益驱动
- 建议改革机制以弥合商业实践与rAI目标间的差距
负责任AI（rAI）指南日益倡导在开发过程中引入利益相关方参与（SHI）。然而，尽管商业软件开发中已有普遍的参与实践，其关注点可能不同。本研究通过分析56份rAI指南，明确推荐SHI的预期效益，包括权力再分配、深化社会技术认知、风险预判和公众监督。为了解当前商业环境下的实践情况，我们对130名AI从业者开展在线调查，并对10人进行半结构化访谈。结果表明，实际中的SHI主要由商业需求（如客户价值、合规性）驱动，且存在多重因素抑制更符合rAI导向的参与行为。这说明现有实践大多未能有效支持rAI目标。为此，本文提出干预策略与研究方向，以推动产业实践向rAI目标演进。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Responsible AI (rAI) guidance increasingly promotes stakeholder involvement (SHI) during AI development. At the same time, SHI is already common in commercial software development, but with potentially different foci. This study clarifies the extent to which established SHI practices are able to contribute to rAI efforts as well as potential disconnects -- essential insights to inform and tailor future interventions that further shift industry practice towards rAI efforts. First, we analysed 56 rAI guidance documents to identify why SHI is recommended (i.e. its expected benefits for rAI) and uncovered goals such as redistributing power, improving socio-technical understandings, anticipating risks, and enhancing public oversight. To understand why and how SHI is currently practised in commercial settings, we then conducted an online survey (n=130) and semi-structured interviews (n=10) with AI practitioners. Our findings reveal that SHI in practice is primarily driven by commercial priorities (e.g. customer value, compliance) and several factors currently discourage more rAI-aligned SHI practices. This suggests that established SHI practices are largely not contributing to rAI efforts. To address this disconnect, we propose interventions and research opportunities to advance rAI development in practice.
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