arXiv:2506.10094cs.LG2025-06

用自编码器和三元组增强实现无监督手写数字聚类,效果优于传统方法。

Unsupervised Deep Clustering of MNIST with Triplet-Enhanced Convolutional Autoencoders

  • 分两阶段训练:先重建图像,再联合聚类优化嵌入表示。
  • 在MNIST上达95%以上NMI和ARI,聚类纯度显著提升。
  • 结果可解释且易扩展,适合大规模图像聚类应用。

本研究通过双阶段深度自编码架构实现对MNIST手写数字的先进无监督聚类。第一阶段训练深度神经自编码器,通过最小化重构误差学习图像的紧凑且可解释的表示;第二阶段将重构误差与KMeans聚类损失结合,通过联合距离目标优化学习到的潜在嵌入。模型采用批量归一化、丢弃率和权重衰减以获得泛化性强且稳定的性能。在大量测试中,该框架在内在指标(如轮廓系数和Davies-Bouldin指数)与外在指标(NMI和ARI)上均表现优异。通过t-SNE可视化展示学习到的嵌入,清晰呈现各数字类别的分离簇。该方法在数据重构准确性和聚类分离纯度间达到最优平衡,兼具可解释性与可扩展性,为大规模图像聚类中的无监督表示学习提供可靠基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This research implements an advanced unsupervised clustering system for MNIST handwritten digits through two-phase deep autoencoder architecture. A deep neural autoencoder requires a training process during phase one to develop minimal yet interpretive representations of images by minimizing reconstruction errors. During the second phase we unify the reconstruction error with a KMeans clustering loss for learned latent embeddings through a joint distance-based objective. Our model contains three elements which include batch normalization combined with dropout and weight decay for achieving generalized and stable results. The framework achieves superior clustering performance during extensive tests which used intrinsic measurements including Silhouette Score and Davies-Bouldin Index coupled with extrinsic metrics NMI and ARI when processing image features. The research uses t-SNE visualization to present learned embeddings that show distinct clusters for digits. Our approach reaches an optimal combination between data reconstruction accuracy and cluster separation purity when adding the benefit of understandable results and scalable implementations. The approach creates a dependable base that helps deploy unsupervised representation learning in different large-scale image clustering applications.

无监督学习聚类自编码器MNIST

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