arXiv:2506.10141physics.geo-phcs.LG2025-06被引 1

用扩散模型做地震反演的正则化,不需噪声过程,更快更稳。

Diffusion prior as a direct regularization term for FWI

  • 直接将预训练扩散模型作为正则项嵌入全波形反演
  • 相比传统方法提升成像精度与收敛稳定性,减少迭代次数
  • 适合需要高保真、低噪声的地震成像任务

扩散模型近年来在逆问题中展现出强大的生成先验能力。然而,传统应用需执行完整的反向扩散过程并在噪声中间状态上操作,这对物理约束的地震成像带来挑战,尤其在非线性求解器如全波形反演(FWI)中,通过噪声速度场的波传播易引发数值伪影并降低反演质量。本文提出一种简单有效的方法,通过得分匹配策略,将预训练的去噪扩散概率模型(DDPM)作为基于得分的生成先验直接融入FWI。不同于传统扩散方法,本方法避免反向采样,仅需较少迭代次数,全程在干净图像空间操作,无需处理噪声速度模型。该生成先验可作为标准FWI更新规则中的简单正则项引入,对现有流程改动极小。该方法促进稳定波传播,改善收敛行为与反演质量。数值实验表明,该方法相较传统及GAN-based FWI方法,在保持计算高效的同时,显著提升成像保真度与鲁棒性,适用于地震成像及其他逆问题任务。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Diffusion models have recently shown promise as powerful generative priors for inverse problems. However, conventional applications require solving the full reverse diffusion process and operating on noisy intermediate states, which poses challenges for physics-constrained computational seismic imaging. In particular, such instability is pronounced in non-linear solvers like those used in Full Waveform Inversion (FWI), where wave propagation through noisy velocity fields can lead to numerical artifacts and poor inversion quality. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective framework that directly integrates a pretrained Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) as a score-based generative diffusion prior into FWI through a score rematching strategy. Unlike traditional diffusion approaches, our method avoids the reverse diffusion sampling and needs fewer iterations. We operate the image inversion entirely in the clean image space, eliminating the need to operate through noisy velocity models. The generative diffusion prior can be introduced as a simple regularization term in the standard FWI update rule, requiring minimal modification to existing FWI pipelines. This promotes stable wave propagation and can improve convergence behavior and inversion quality. Numerical experiments suggest that the proposed method offers enhanced fidelity and robustness compared to conventional and GAN-based FWI approaches, while remaining practical and computationally efficient for seismic imaging and other inverse problem tasks.

地震成像扩散模型反演优化正则化

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