提出RoCA框架,让自动驾驶模型跨城市更稳定可靠。
RoCA: Robust Cross-Domain End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 用高斯过程学习通用驾驶轨迹基底,支持跨域推理
- 在多个城市数据集上提升模型泛化能力,超越直接微调
- 无需额外计算开销,适合实际部署的自动驾驶系统
端到端自动驾驶近年兴起,但跨域部署(如不同城市)仍具挑战。尽管已有研究引入大语言模型以利用其开放世界知识,但其跨域性能不可靠且适配成本高昂。本文提出RoCA框架,通过联合建模自我车与周围车辆信息的编码标记概率分布,采用高斯过程学习一组基础轨迹标记,覆盖多样驾驶场景。在任意驾驶场景下,可概率推断未来轨迹。将RoCA与源域训练的基线模型结合,可显著提升模型泛化性,无需额外推理开销。同时,该方法在新目标域上实现鲁棒适应,显著优于直接微调。我们在多种跨域场景下进行广泛评估,验证了其出色的域泛化与适应性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving has recently emerged as a new paradigm, offering significant potential. However, few studies have looked into the practical challenge of deployment across domains (e.g., cities). Although several works have incorporated Large Language Models (LLMs) to leverage their open-world knowledge, LLMs do not guarantee cross-domain driving performance and may incur prohibitive retraining costs during domain adaptation. In this paper, we propose RoCA, a novel framework for robust cross-domain E2E autonomous driving. RoCA formulates the joint probabilistic distribution over the tokens that encode ego and surrounding vehicle information in the E2E pipeline. Instantiating with a Gaussian process (GP), RoCA learns a set of basis tokens with corresponding trajectories, which span diverse driving scenarios. Then, given any driving scene, it is able to probabilistically infer the future trajectory. By using RoCA together with a base E2E model in source-domain training, we improve the generalizability of the base model, without requiring extra inference computation. In addition, RoCA enables robust adaptation on new target domains, significantly outperforming direct finetuning. We extensively evaluate RoCA on various cross-domain scenarios and show that it achieves strong domain generalization and adaptation performance.
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