用雷达数据自动构建电离层散射分类器，识别37类信号并分析其地理与太阳活动依赖性。
Self-learning signal classifier for decameter coherent scatter radars
- 仅基于雷达数据和电离层传播建模，通过数学标准优化分类模型。
- 训练数据来自12个雷达两年的观测，模型含2669个系数，最优分类数为37类。
- 关键参数是信号轨迹后半段形状、散射高度和多普勒速度，适合电离层研究者使用。
本文提出一种自动构建去米级相干散射雷达处理数据分类器的方法，仅依赖雷达观测数据、电离层无线电波传播的自动建模结果以及模型质量评估的数学准则。最终分类器基于超级多普勒雷达网（SuperDARN）和SECIRA网络共12个雷达在两年内每台雷达的数据训练而成，模型系数总数达2669个。分类采用建模得到的电离层传播参数与雷达直接测量参数相结合的方式。各雷达的电波仰角校准通过流星余迹散射信号完成。分析表明，数据中最佳分类数量为37类，其中25类常见；从中筛选出14类在不同模型训练中均能稳定区分，并对其中10类进行了初步物理解释。论文展示了各类信号随地理纬度及太阳与地磁活动水平的变化动态，结果与已知物理机制一致。关键判别参数包括信号射线追踪轨迹的后半段形态、射线追踪散射高度以及雷达测得的多普勒速度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The paper presents a method for automatic constructing a classifier for processed data obtained by decameter coherent scatter radars. Method is based only on the radar data obtained, the results of automatic modeling of radio wave propagation in the ionosphere, and mathematical criteria for estimating the quality of the models. The final classifier is the model trained at data obtained by 12 radars of the SuperDARN and SECIRA networks over two years for each radar. The number of the model coefficients is 2669. For the classification, the model uses both the calculated parameters of radio wave propagation in the model ionosphere and the parameters directly measured by the radar. Calibration of radiowave elevation measurements at each radar was made using meteor trail scattered signals. The analysis showed that the optimal number of classes in the data is 37, of which 25 are frequently observed. The analysis made it possible to choose 14 classes from them, which are confidently separated in other variants of model training. A preliminary interpretation of 10 of them was carried out. The dynamics of observation of various classes and their dependence on the geographical latitude of radars at different levels of solar and geomagnetic activity were presented, it was shown that it does not contradict with known physical mechanisms. The analysis showed that the most important parameters to identify the classes are the shape of the signal ray-tracing trajectory in its second half, the ray-traced scattering height and the Doppler velocity measured by the radar.
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