用物理规律预训练模型,实现高效通用的流体模拟。
OmniFluids: Physics Pre-trained Modeling of Fluid Dynamics
- 纯物理预训练+小样本微调,无需大量数据即可适配多种流体任务。
- 相比传统求解器提速10到100倍,精度相当且能从稀疏噪声数据中识别参数。
- 适合需要快速、通用流体建模的研究与工程场景。
计算流体动力学(CFD)推动了众多科学与工程领域的发展,但高保真模拟仍计算成本高昂。尽管机器学习方法可加速计算,但通常仅适用于单一物理系统或需大量训练数据,在高度非线性及三维流动场景中应用受限。为此,我们提出OmniFluids,一种纯物理预训练模型,能够捕捉基本流体动力学规律,并以极少量数据高效适应多样下游任务。我们构建了仅基于物理的预训练框架,结合粗网格算子蒸馏与少样本微调。该方法使OmniFluids在保持广泛物理知识的同时,实现快速准确预测。其架构融合混合算子、多帧解码器与分解傅里叶层,在引入物理监督的同时支持高效可扩展建模。在广泛2D与3D基准测试中,OmniFluids在流场预测与湍流统计上优于现有AI驱动方法。它相比传统求解器实现10–100倍加速,精度相当,并能从稀疏、噪声数据中准确识别未知物理参数。本工作展示了仅从物理知识训练统一CFD求解器的潜力,为复杂流体系统的高效通用建模提供了新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) drives progress in numerous scientific and engineering fields, yet high-fidelity simulations remain computationally prohibitive. While machine learning approaches offer computing acceleration, they typically specialize in single physical systems or require extensive training data, hindering their applicability in highly nonlinear and 3D flow scenarios. To overcome these limitations, we propose OmniFluids, a pure physics pre-trained model that captures fundamental fluid dynamics laws and adapts efficiently to diverse downstream tasks with minimal data. We develop a training framework combining physics-only pre-training, coarse-grid operator distillation, and few-shot fine-tuning. This enables OmniFluids to retain broad physics knowledge while delivering fast and accurate predictions. Architecturally, OmniFluids integrates a mixture of operators, a multi-frame decoder, and factorized Fourier layers, seamlessly incorporating physics-based supervision while allowing efficient and scalable modeling of diverse tasks. Extensive tests on a broad range of 2D and 3D benchmarks show that OmniFluids outperforms state-of-the-art AI-driven methods in terms of flow field prediction and turbulence statistics. It delivers 10--100$\times$ speedups over traditional solvers while maintaining a comparable accuracy and accurately identifies unknown physical parameters from sparse, noisy data. This work demonstrates the potential of training a unified CFD solver exclusively from physics knowledge, offering a new approach for efficient and generalizable modeling across complex fluid systems.
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