用量子电路实现模糊推理,让图像分类更准确且抗噪。
HQFNN: A Compact Quantum-Fuzzy Neural Network for Accurate Image Classification
- 将模糊推理嵌入浅层量子电路,通过角度重加载映射特征到量子态。
- 参数量少于传统模型几个数量级,噪声下准确率下降微小,表现稳健。
- 适合需要可解释性与鲁棒性的视觉任务,如医疗影像分析。
深度学习在模式识别上表现优异,但在输入含噪或需解释置信度时表现不佳。模糊推理凭借其分级隶属关系和规则透明性提供解决方案,而参数化量子电路可在高维纠缠希尔伯特空间中高效嵌入特征。本文提出一种新型高量化模糊神经网络(HQFNN),将完整模糊流程集成于浅层量子电路,并将输出量子信号与轻量级CNN特征提取器结合。每个图像特征通过重复角度重加载映射至单个量子比特隶属态,随后紧凑规则层优化幅度,聚类式CNOT去模糊器将其坍缩为单一确定值,再与经典特征融合进行分类。在标准图像基准上,HQFNN持续优于纯经典、模糊增强及纯量子基线模型,且可训练参数减少数个数量级;在模拟去极化与振幅阻尼噪声下,准确率仅轻微下降,体现内在鲁棒性。门数分析显示,电路深度随输入维度呈亚线性增长,证实其对大图像的可行性。该模型为紧凑、可解释且抗噪的视觉骨干提供了新范式,也为未来原生量子模糊学习框架提供模板。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Deep learning vision systems excel at pattern recognition yet falter when inputs are noisy or the model must explain its own confidence. Fuzzy inference, with its graded memberships and rule transparency, offers a remedy, while parameterized quantum circuits can embed features in richly entangled Hilbert spaces with striking parameter efficiency. Bridging these ideas, this study introduces a innovative Highly Quantized Fuzzy Neural Network (HQFNN) that realises the entire fuzzy pipeline inside a shallow quantum circuit and couples the resulting quantum signal to a lightweight CNN feature extractor. Each image feature is first mapped to a single qubit membership state through repeated angle reuploading. Then a compact rule layer refines these amplitudes, and a clustered CNOT defuzzifier collapses them into one crisp value that is fused with classical features before classification. Evaluated on standard image benchmarks, HQFNN consistently surpasses classical, fuzzy enhanced and quantum only baselines while using several orders of magnitude fewer trainable weights, and its accuracy degrades only marginally under simulated depolarizing and amplitude damping noise, evidence of intrinsic robustness. Gate count analysis further shows that circuit depth grows sublinearly with input dimension, confirming the model's practicality for larger images. These results position the model as a compact, interpretable and noise tolerant alternative to conventional vision backbones and provide a template for future quantum native fuzzy learning frameworks.
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