arXiv:2506.11906cs.RO2025-06被引 1

用真人反馈训练机器人患者,让疼痛声音随按压力度真实变化。

Palpation Alters Auditory Pain Expressions with Gender-Specific Variations in Robopatients

  • 通过人类在环强化学习动态调整按压力度与疼痛声的映射关系。
  • 系统能适配不同按压习惯和主观偏好,覆盖从轻微不适到剧烈痛苦的音调范围。
  • 发现男女对疼痛声音感知阈值不同,适用于医学模拟训练优化。

诊断错误是资源匮乏地区可预防死亡的主要原因。医疗训练模拟器(如机器人患者)通过模拟腹部触诊等操作中的患者反应,有助于减少此类错误。然而,生成真实的多模态反馈,尤其是听觉疼痛表达,仍具挑战性,因为施加的触诊力与感知到的疼痛声音之间存在复杂非线性关系。疼痛发声的高维特征和感知差异也限制了传统建模方法。本文提出一种新型实验范式,利用人类在环机器学习实现机器人患者的自适应疼痛表现,通过近端策略优化(PPO)算法实时根据人类评价反馈迭代优化疼痛声音生成。系统初始随机设定力输入与声音输出的映射,学习代理逐步调整以匹配人类感知偏好。结果表明,该框架能适应个体触诊行为和主观声音偏好,并捕捉从轻度不适到急性痛苦的广泛疼痛强度感知。同时观察到在较低力值范围内出现感知饱和现象,且疼痛声音感知存在性别差异阈值。本工作证明了人类在环强化学习在协同优化触觉输入与听觉疼痛表达方面的可行性,凸显了自适应沉浸式平台在提升触诊训练效果、降低误诊风险方面的潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Diagnostic errors remain a major cause of preventable mortality, particularly in resource limited settings. Medical training simulators, including robopatients, help reduce such errors by replicating patient responses during procedures such as abdominal palpation. However, generating realistic multimodal feedback especially auditory pain expressions remains challenging due to the complex, nonlinear relationship between applied palpation forces and perceived pain sounds. The high dimensionality and perceptual variability of pain vocalizations further limit conventional modeling approaches. We propose a novel experimental paradigm for adaptive pain expressivity in robopatients that dynamically generates auditory pain responses to palpation forces using human in the loop machine learning. Specifically, we employ Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), a reinforcement learning algorithm suited for continuous control, to iteratively refine pain sound generation based on real time human evaluative feedback. The system initializes randomized mappings between force inputs and sound outputs, and the learning agent progressively adjusts them to align with human perceptual preferences. Results show that the framework adapts to individual palpation behaviors and subjective sound preferences while capturing a broad range of perceived pain intensities, from mild discomfort to acute distress. We also observe perceptual saturation at lower force ranges, with gender specific thresholds in pain sound perception. This work demonstrates the feasibility of human in the loop reinforcement learning for co-optimizing haptic input and auditory pain expression in medical simulators, highlighting the potential of adaptive and immersive platforms to enhance palpation training and reduce diagnostic errors.

医疗模拟强化学习人机交互疼痛表达

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