arXiv:2506.12210cs.ETcs.LG2025-06

将模型权重通过无线信号广播,让设备本地完成推理,省电又快。

Machine Intelligence on Wireless Edge Networks

  • 用射频波形广播模型权重,客户端在接收链路中直接计算
  • 实测在真实无线场景下保持高精度,内存和转换开销大幅降低
  • 适合资源受限的移动设备,尤其关注能效与隐私的边缘应用

边缘设备上的机器智能可实现低延迟处理与更好隐私保护,但常受限于数据传输与转换的能耗和延迟。现有系统多将查询发往服务器,带来上行开销、网络延迟与隐私风险。本文提出反向思路:基站将模型权重以射频波形广播,客户端利用接收链中的混频器与滤波器等现成硬件,将激活值编码至信号并完成本地推理,避免重复信号转换与额外硬件。分析表明,热噪声与非线性共同形成最优能效区间以实现准确的模拟内积运算。通过可微分的射频链路进行电路感知训练,可在该区间内保持模型精度。电路级仿真结果与配套实验一致,证实了在真实无线边缘场景下,内存与转换开销显著减少的同时仍维持高精度。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Machine intelligence on edge devices enables low-latency processing and improved privacy, but is often limited by the energy and delay of moving and converting data. Current systems frequently avoid local model storage by sending queries to a server, incurring uplink cost, network latency, and privacy risk. We present the opposite approach: broadcasting model weights to clients that perform inference locally using in-physics computation inside the radio receive chain. A base station transmits weights as radio frequency (RF) waveforms; the client encodes activations onto the waveform and computes the result using existing mixer and filter stages, RF components already present in billions of edge devices such as cellphones, eliminating repeated signal conversions and extra hardware. Analysis shows that thermal noise and nonlinearity create an optimal energy window for accurate analog inner products. Hardware-tailored training through a differentiable RF chain preserves accuracy within this regime. Circuit-informed simulations, consistent with a companion experiment, demonstrate reduced memory and conversion overhead while maintaining high accuracy in realistic wireless edge scenarios.

边缘计算射频计算低功耗模型部署

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