arXiv:2506.13026cs.AIcs.CL2025-06被引 4

用大模型融合知识图谱,让数控加工规划更准更可信。

Knowledge Graph Fusion with Large Language Models for Accurate, Explainable Manufacturing Process Planning

  • 零样本构建多关系知识图谱,自动从文档中提取工艺信息
  • 检索增强生成,回答时附带证据链,数值准确无幻觉
  • 适合制造工程、智能制造领域,提升工艺规划可解释性

数控加工中的精确工艺规划需要快速、上下文感知地决策刀具选择、进给速度组合和多轴路径,对工程师造成巨大认知与操作负担。传统基于规则的工艺规划系统将领域知识固化为静态表格,难以应对未知拓扑、新材料状态、成本-质量-可持续性权重变化或车间约束(如刀具不可用、能耗限制)。大语言模型虽具灵活推理能力,但常出现数值幻觉且缺乏依据。本文提出端到端框架 ARKNESS,融合零样本知识图谱构建与检索增强生成,实现可验证、数值精确的数控工艺规划。ARKNESS(1)自动从异构加工文档、G代码注释和厂商数据表中提取增强三元组、多关系图谱,无需人工标注;(2)将本地部署的LLM与检索器结合,仅注入最小且证据关联的子图以回答问题。在155个工业级问题上测试,轻量3B参数的Llama-3经ARKNESS增强后,匹配GPT-4o精度,多项选择准确率提升25个百分点,F1值提升22.4个百分点,开放问答的ROUGE-L达8.1倍。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Precision process planning in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining demands rapid, context-aware decisions on tool selection, feed-speed pairs, and multi-axis routing, placing immense cognitive and procedural burdens on engineers from design specification through final part inspection. Conventional rule-based computer-aided process planning and knowledge-engineering shells freeze domain know-how into static tables, which become limited when dealing with unseen topologies, novel material states, shifting cost-quality-sustainability weightings, or shop-floor constraints such as tool unavailability and energy caps. Large language models (LLMs) promise flexible, instruction-driven reasoning for tasks but they routinely hallucinate numeric values and provide no provenance. We present Augmented Retrieval Knowledge Network Enhanced Search & Synthesis (ARKNESS), the end-to-end framework that fuses zero-shot Knowledge Graph (KG) construction with retrieval-augmented generation to deliver verifiable, numerically exact answers for CNC process planning. ARKNESS (1) automatically distills heterogeneous machining documents, G-code annotations, and vendor datasheets into augmented triple, multi-relational graphs without manual labeling, and (2) couples any on-prem LLM with a retriever that injects the minimal, evidence-linked subgraph needed to answer a query. Benchmarked on 155 industry-curated questions spanning tool sizing and feed-speed optimization, a lightweight 3B-parameter Llama-3 augmented by ARKNESS matches GPT-4o accuracy while achieving a +25 percentage point gain in multiple-choice accuracy, +22.4 pp in F1, and 8.1x ROUGE-L on open-ended responses.

知识图谱数控加工大模型可解释性

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