开源FPGA神经网络模拟器，支持实时学习和多种连接结构。
NeuroCoreX: An Open-Source FPGA-Based Spiking Neural Network Emulator with On-Chip Learning
- 基于FPGA构建，支持全连接拓扑和灵活网络设计
- 采用脉冲时序依赖可塑性实现本地在线学习
- 适合神经形态计算、低功耗智能系统研究者使用
脉冲神经网络（SNNs）是受生物神经网络结构与动态启发的计算模型，其事件驱动特性在部署于神经形态硬件平台时可实现高能效。与主要依赖分层结构的传统人工神经网络（ANNs）不同，SNNs天然支持从传统分层结构到局部密集、全局稀疏的小世界图等多种连接模式。本文提出NeuroCoreX，一个基于FPGA的SNN仿真器，用于灵活的软硬件协同设计与测试。NeuroCoreX支持全连接（all-to-all）拓扑，无需架构限制即可实现多样化网络结构。其内置基于脉冲时序依赖可塑性（STDP）的生物启发式局部学习机制，神经元模型采用漏积分-发放（LIF）模型，突触为电流型以实现脉冲积分与传输。通过通用异步收发器（UART）接口可配置神经元、突触及学习规则参数。用户通过简易的Python接口完成从模型设计到硬件执行的全流程部署。NeuroCoreX作为开源框架发布，旨在加速节能型生物启发式计算的研究与开发。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are computational models inspired by the structure and dynamics of biological neuronal networks. Their event-driven nature enables them to achieve high energy efficiency, particularly when deployed on neuromorphic hardware platforms. Unlike conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which primarily rely on layered architectures, SNNs naturally support a wide range of connectivity patterns, from traditional layered structures to small-world graphs characterized by locally dense and globally sparse connections. In this work, we introduce NeuroCoreX, an FPGA-based emulator designed for the flexible co-design and testing of SNNs. NeuroCoreX supports all-to-all connectivity, providing the capability to implement diverse network topologies without architectural restrictions. It features a biologically motivated local learning mechanism based on Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP). The neuron model implemented within NeuroCoreX is the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) model, with current-based synapses facilitating spike integration and transmission . A Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) interface is provided for programming and configuring the network parameters, including neuron, synapse, and learning rule settings. Users interact with the emulator through a simple Python-based interface, streamlining SNN deployment from model design to hardware execution. NeuroCoreX is released as an open-source framework, aiming to accelerate research and development in energy-efficient, biologically inspired computing.
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