为阿尔茨海默病照护者设计心理支持聊天机器人,发现其真实需求与技术差距。
Mapping Caregiver Needs to AI Chatbot Design: Strengths and Gaps in Mental Health Support for Alzheimer's and Dementia Caregivers
- 基于GPT-4o构建照护者支持聊天机器人Carey,以场景化互动收集反馈。
- 16名照护者提出六大核心需求:即时信息、情感倾诉、危机应对等。
- 揭示隐私与个性化之间的矛盾,指导更可信的智能系统设计。
阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症(AD/ADRD)患者的家庭照护者面临显著的情绪与后勤挑战,易出现压力、焦虑和抑郁。尽管生成式AI(特别是大语言模型,LLMs)为心理健康支持带来新机遇,但照护者对这类技术的感知与使用仍不清楚。为此,我们开发了基于GPT-4o的聊天机器人Carey,旨在提供信息与情感支持。通过场景驱动的交互,对16名家庭照护者进行半结构化访谈。采用归纳编码与反思性主题分析,提炼出六大主题:即时信息获取、安全倾诉空间、情感支持、危机管理、个性化需求与数据隐私。每个主题均揭示照护者期望与担忧间的复杂张力。本文系统映射照护者需求、AI聊天机器人的优势与短板,并提出具体设计建议。研究为构建主动、可信、以照护者为中心的AI系统提供了理论与实践依据,更好响应其动态心理健康需求。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (AD/ADRD) face significant emotional and logistical challenges that place them at heightened risk for stress, anxiety, and depression. Although recent advances in generative AI -- particularly large language models (LLMs) -- offer new opportunities to support mental health, little is known about how caregivers perceive and engage with such technologies. To address this gap, we developed Carey, a GPT-4o-based chatbot designed to provide informational and emotional support to AD/ADRD caregivers. Using Carey as a technology probe, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 family caregivers following scenario-driven interactions grounded in common caregiving stressors. Through inductive coding and reflexive thematic analysis, we surface a systemic understanding of caregiver needs and expectations across six themes: on-demand information access, safe space for disclosure, emotional support, crisis management, personalization, and data privacy. For each of these themes, we also identified the nuanced tensions in the caregivers' desires and concerns. We present a mapping of caregiver needs, AI chatbots' strengths, gaps, and design recommendations. Our findings offer theoretical and practical insights to inform the design of proactive, trustworthy, and caregiver-centered AI systems that better support the evolving mental health needs of AD/ADRD caregivers.
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