对比有无上下文训练,发现上下文能提升模型对知识的依赖和准确性。
Instruction Tuning with and without Context: Behavioral Shifts and Downstream Impact
- 用带上下文的数据训练模型,使其更依赖外部信息而非自身参数存储
- 上下文训练使模型在图文任务中减少幻觉,提升视觉理解准确性
- 分设两类模型并动态路由输入,比混合训练更鲁棒,适合实际部署
指令微调是提升大语言模型指令遵循能力的常用方法,其数据集通常混合包含上下文增强和无上下文的例子。然而以往研究大多未区分两者影响。本文研究了在有无上下文条件下训练大语言模型对其行为和下游性能的影响。在文本领域,我们发现带上下文训练的模型更关注提供知识,实现更好对齐;同时,这类训练改变了模型对知识的使用方式:模型依赖较少的参数化知识,更多利用外部上下文。在视觉语言领域,使用带上下文训练的模型作为骨干网络,可降低幻觉率并改善视觉对齐。此外,针对实际部署中上下文可用性不一的问题,我们提出分别维护上下文增强与无上下文模型,并根据输入动态路由,相比单一混合模型表现更优,有效保留二者互补优势。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Instruction tuning is a widely used approach to improve the instruction-following ability of large language models (LLMs). Instruction-tuning datasets typically include a mixture of context-augmented and context-free examples, yet prior work has largely combined these data types without examining their distinct effects. In this paper, we investigate how training LLMs with or without context affects model behavior and downstream performance. First, in the text domain, we show that LLMs trained with context attend more strongly to the provided knowledge, achieving better grounding. We also observe that context-augmented training shifts how LLMs use knowledge: models store and leverage less on parametric knowledge and instead depend more on the provided context. Second, we observe that using LLM trained with context-augmented data as the backbone for vision-language models reduces hallucination and improves grounding in the visual domain. Finally, we explore practical strategies for real-world deployments where context availability varies. We show that maintaining separate context-augmented and context-free models and routing inputs between them yields more robust overall performance than training a single mixed model, as it better preserves their complementary strengths.
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