跨文化沟通中，语气词理解差异源于语义与礼貌成本的双重作用。
Minding the Politeness Gap in Cross-cultural Communication
- 构建递归推理模型，模拟说话人平衡信息量、礼貌与表达成本
- 英美英语使用者对'quite'和'Very'的理解差异由语义和成本权重不同导致
- 适合研究语言认知、跨文化沟通或人机交互的学者参考
跨文化沟通中的误解常源于解读上的细微差异，但这些差异是源于词语的字面意义，还是更普遍的语用因素（如礼貌与简洁性规范）尚不明确。本文报告了三项实验，考察英美英语使用者对'quite'和'Very'等强化词的解读方式。为深入理解这些跨文化差异，我们开发了一种计算认知模型，其中听者会递归推理说话人如何在信息量、礼貌性与表达成本之间权衡。模型对比表明，跨文化差异主要源于（1）词语字面意义的不同，（2）对表达成本权重的差异。这一发现挑战了仅基于语义或礼貌规范的解释，证明跨文化理解差异是两者复杂互动的结果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication often arise from subtle differences in interpretation, but it is unclear whether these differences arise from the literal meanings assigned to words or from more general pragmatic factors such as norms around politeness and brevity. In this paper, we report three experiments examining how speakers of British and American English interpret intensifiers like "quite" and "very." To better understand these cross-cultural differences, we developed a computational cognitive model where listeners recursively reason about speakers who balance informativity, politeness, and utterance cost. Our model comparisons suggested that cross-cultural differences in intensifier interpretation stem from a combination of (1) different literal meanings, (2) different weights on utterance cost. These findings challenge accounts based purely on semantic variation or politeness norms, demonstrating that cross-cultural differences in interpretation emerge from an intricate interplay between the two.
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