用通信理论设计能抗干扰的多足长身机器人,无需复杂感知也能稳定前行。
Robust control for multi-legged elongate robots in noisy environments
- 将腿地接触比作信号比特,利用冗余实现开环抗噪行走
- 在超过自身高度两倍的崎岖地形上,每周期前进约半身长
- 结合机械智能与计算智能,适合极端环境下的通用机器人设计
现代双足和四足机器人在复杂地形上表现出色,主要得益于学习算法的进步。然而,这些系统通常依赖高带宽传感和机载计算来感知/响应地形不确定性,且当前运动策略需大量针对特定机器人的训练,限制了跨平台泛化能力。基于我们先前关于机器人-环境交互与通信理论的关联研究,我们提出一种新范式,构建能够在杂乱、非结构化环境中有效运行的多足长身机器人(MERs)。在此框架中,每个腿-地面接触被视为基本主动接触(bac),类似于信号传输中的比特。通过bac的充分冗余,可在开环下于“噪声”地形上实现可靠运动。此时鲁棒性由被动机械响应实现,我们称之为机械智能(MI),并类比为前向纠错(FEC)。为进一步增强MI,我们开发了反馈控制方案,称为计算智能(CI),类比自动重传请求(ARQ)。整合洛动与通信理论的类比,可分析、设计和预测融合MI与CI的具身智能控制方案,在地形噪声超过机器人自身高度两倍的复杂地貌上,实现每周期约半身长的有效可靠运动。本工作为MER控制的系统化发展奠定基础,推动面向地形无关、敏捷且鲁棒的机器人系统在极端环境中的应用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Modern two and four legged robots exhibit impressive mobility on complex terrain, largely attributed to advancement in learning algorithms. However, these systems often rely on high-bandwidth sensing and onboard computation to perceive/respond to terrain uncertainties. Further, current locomotion strategies typically require extensive robot-specific training, limiting their generalizability across platforms. Building on our prior research connecting robot-environment interaction and communication theory, we develop a new paradigm to construct robust and simply controlled multi-legged elongate robots (MERs) capable of operating effectively in cluttered, unstructured environments. In this framework, each leg-ground contact is thought of as a basic active contact (bac), akin to bits in signal transmission. Reliable locomotion can be achieved in open-loop on "noisy" landscapes via sufficient redundancy in bacs. In such situations, robustness is achieved through passive mechanical responses. We term such processes as those displaying mechanical intelligence (MI) and analogize these processes to forward error correction (FEC) in signal transmission. To augment MI, we develop feedback control schemes, which we refer to as computational intelligence (CI) and such processes analogize automatic repeat request (ARQ) in signal transmission. Integration of these analogies between locomotion and communication theory allow analysis, design, and prediction of embodied intelligence control schemes (integrating MI and CI) in MERs, showing effective and reliable performance (approximately half body lengths per cycle) on complex landscapes with terrain "noise" over twice the robot's height. Our work provides a foundation for systematic development of MER control, paving the way for terrain-agnostic, agile, and resilient robotic systems capable of operating in extreme environments.
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