用栅极调控补偿光子探测器随机数偏置，实现高稳定性真随机数生成。
Bias Variation Compensation in Perimeter-Gated SPAD TRNGs
- 通过栅极电压调节器件暗计数率，动态补偿随机数偏置。
- 在室温下实现2kHz/像素的生成速率，偏置小于1%。
- 兼容经典去偏算法，结果通过全部16项NIST测试，适合硬件安全应用。
利用阵列式熵源的随机数生成器易受偏置变化（BV）影响。尽管存在高效去偏算法，但现有硬件友好方案对原始比特偏置敏感，难以适应宽范围偏置。本文提出采用64×64栅极控制单光子雪崩二极管（pgSPAD）阵列，基于0.35μm标准CMOS工艺实现熵源。通过根据器件本征暗计数率施加合适栅极电压，实现了在室温下2kHz/像素的原始比特生成速率，且偏置低于1%。原始比特经经典迭代Von Neumann算法去偏后，所有16项来自NIST统计测试套件的测试均通过。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Random number generators that utilize arrays of entropy source elements suffer from bias variation (BV). Despite the availability of efficient debiasing algorithms, optimized implementations of hardware friendly options depend on the bit bias in the raw bit streams and cannot accommodate a wide BV. In this work, we present a 64 x 64 array of perimeter gated single photon avalanche diodes (pgSPADs), fabricated in a 0.35 μm standard CMOS technology, as a source of entropy to generate random binary strings with a BV compensation technique. By applying proper gate voltages based on the devices' native dark count rates, we demonstrate less than 1% BV for a raw-bit generation rate of 2 kHz/pixel at room temperature. The raw bits were debiased using the classical iterative Von Neumann's algorithm and the debiased bits were found to pass all of the 16 tests from NIST's Statistical Test Suite.
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