arXiv:2506.16404cs.LG2025-06中稿 · ICLR被引 3

提出首个面向有向图生成的流动匹配模型,解决方向性建模难题。

Generating Directed Graphs with Dual Attention and Asymmetric Encoding

  • 设计双注意力机制捕捉入边与出边依赖关系
  • 在多种真实与合成数据集上超越现有方法表现
  • 首次构建有向图生成评测基准,适合图生成研究者

有向图自然建模具有非对称、有序关系的系统,在生物、交通、社交网络和视觉理解等领域至关重要。生成此类图可支持模拟、数据增强与新实例发现;然而有向图生成仍处于探索阶段。我们识别出两大制约因素:其一,边的方向性引入更大依赖空间,使底层分布更难学习;其二,缺乏标准化评估基准。针对前者,需更具表达力的模型以感知方向拓扑。我们提出Directo,首个基于离散流匹配框架的有向图生成模型。该方法结合:(i) 针对非对称成对关系设计的合理位置编码,(ii) 双注意力机制捕捉入边与出边依赖,(iii) 稳健的离散生成框架。为支持评估,我们引入涵盖合成与真实世界数据集的基准套件。结果表明,本方法在多种场景下表现优异,甚至在特定类别(如有向无环图)上媲美专用模型。实验验证了方法的有效性与通用性,为未来有向图生成研究奠定坚实基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Directed graphs naturally model systems with asymmetric, ordered relationships, essential to applications in biology, transportation, social networks, and visual understanding. Generating such graphs enables tasks such as simulation, data augmentation and novel instance discovery; however, directed graph generation remains underexplored. We identify two key factors limiting progress in this direction: first, modeling edge directionality introduces a substantially larger dependency space, making the underlying distribution harder to learn; second, the absence of standardized benchmarks hinders rigorous evaluation. Addressing the former requires more expressive models that are sensitive to directional topologies. We propose Directo, the first generative model for directed graphs built upon the discrete flow matching framework. Our approach combines: (i) principled positional encodings tailored to asymmetric pairwise relations, (ii) a dual-attention mechanism capturing both incoming and outgoing dependencies, and (iii) a robust, discrete generative framework. To support evaluation, we introduce a benchmark suite covering synthetic and real-world datasets. It shows that our method performs strongly across diverse settings and even competes with specialized models for particular classes, such as directed acyclic graphs. Our results highlight the effectiveness and generality of our approach, establishing a solid foundation for future research in directed graph generation.

图生成有向图双注意力流匹配

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