对比静态与动态机器人视觉提示，发现静态图标最易理解，动画更增信任感。
See What I Mean? Expressiveness and Clarity in Robot Display Design
- 设计协作导航任务，测试静态/动态眼睛与图标对沟通的影响
- 静态图标解读准确率最高，动态显示信任感最强，静态眼睛成功率最高
- 适合关注人机交互设计、机器人界面优化的研究者与工程师
非语言视觉符号在人机协同中至关重要，但其对任务表现的影响研究较少，尤其在需要实时决策的动态环境中。本研究设计了一项协作导航任务，用户与机器人仅掌握地图部分信息，需通过交互完成任务。实验在公共场所进行，招募37名随机路过的参与者，每人与配备动态拟人化眼睛和动态图标，或静态拟人眼与静态图标的机器人合作。结果显示：使用动态显示的参与者报告信任度与满意度最高；静态图标被理解得最好；而使用静态眼睛的组别任务完成成功率最高。结果表明，动画虽能提升信任感，但加入熟悉静态图标可优化人机沟通效率。代码、设计符号及数据已公开于GitHub。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Nonverbal visual symbols and displays play an important role in communication when humans and robots work collaboratively. However, few studies have investigated how different types of non-verbal cues affect objective task performance, especially in a dynamic environment that requires real time decision-making. In this work, we designed a collaborative navigation task where the user and the robot only had partial information about the map on each end and thus the users were forced to communicate with a robot to complete the task. We conducted our study in a public space and recruited 37 participants who randomly passed by our setup. Each participant collaborated with a robot utilizing either animated anthropomorphic eyes and animated icons, or static anthropomorphic eyes and static icons. We found that participants that interacted with a robot with animated displays reported the greatest level of trust and satisfaction; that participants interpreted static icons the best; and that participants with a robot with static eyes had the highest completion success. These results suggest that while animation can foster trust with robots, human-robot communication can be optimized by the addition of familiar static icons that may be easier for users to interpret. We published our code, designed symbols, and collected results online at: https://github.com/mattufts/huamn_Cozmo_interaction.
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