用大模型提升生成式奖励模型的推理能力,减少幻觉。
ReasonGRM: Enhancing Generative Reward Models through Large Reasoning Models
- 分三阶段训练:先生成简洁推理路径,再用新指标筛选高质量路径,最后强化学习优化。
- 在三个基准上平均比之前最佳模型高1.8%,超越GPT-4o最高5.6%。
- 适合做对推理质量要求高的生成式奖励建模任务。
生成式奖励模型(GRMs)相比标量奖励模型能更灵活地捕捉人类偏好,但其效果受限于推理能力不足,常导致推理路径不完整或过度推测,引发复杂任务中的幻觉或关键信息遗漏。为此,我们提出ReasonGRM,一种三阶段生成式奖励建模框架。第一阶段使用Zero-RL生成简洁、目标导向的推理路径,降低关键遗漏风险;第二阶段引入新型评估指标$R^\star$,基于推理路径的生成概率打分,优先选择以最少探索到达正确答案的路径,从而在训练中减少易产生幻觉的数据;第三阶段通过强化学习在挑战性样本上进一步优化模型,增强其偏好判别能力。在三个公开基准上的实验表明,ReasonGRM达到竞争性或领先性能,平均优于先前最优的GRMs 1.8%,并在部分任务上超越专有模型GPT-4o达5.6%。结果验证了推理感知训练的有效性,凸显高质量推理路径选择对可靠偏好建模的重要性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative Reward Models (GRMs) provide greater flexibility than scalar reward models in capturing human preferences, but their effectiveness is limited by poor reasoning capabilities. This often results in incomplete or overly speculative reasoning paths, leading to hallucinations or missing key information in complex tasks. We address this challenge with ReasonGRM, a three-stage generative reward modeling framework. In the first stage, Zero-RL is used to generate concise, outcome-directed reasoning paths that reduce the likelihood of critical omissions. In the second stage, we introduce a novel evaluation metric, $R^\star$, which scores reasoning paths based on their generation likelihood. This favors paths that reach correct answers with minimal exploration, helping to reduce hallucination-prone data during training. In the final stage, the model is further refined through reinforcement learning on challenging examples to enhance its preference discrimination capabilities. Experiments on three public benchmarks show that ReasonGRM achieves competitive or state-of-the-art performance, outperforming previous best GRMs by 1.8\% on average and surpassing proprietary models such as GPT-4o by up to 5.6\%. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of reasoning-aware training and highlight the importance of high-quality rationale selection for reliable preference modeling.
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