arXiv:2506.16856cs.CVcs.AI2025-06被引 3

用Transformer学专家停车,能避行人、准头高。

ParkFormer: A Transformer-Based Parking Policy with Goal Embedding and Pedestrian-Aware Control

  • 用视觉+目标点+行人轨迹做输入,端到端输出控制指令
  • 成功率96.57%,定位误差0.21米,转向误差0.41度
  • 适合研究自动驾驶泊车或关注行人安全的团队

自主泊车在智能汽车系统中至关重要,尤其在空间受限的城市环境中需高精度控制。传统基于规则的泊车系统难以应对环境不确定性,在拥挤或动态场景中适应性差;而人类驾驶员则能无需显式建模即实现直观泊车。受此启发,我们提出一种基于Transformer的端到端自主泊车框架,通过学习专家示范数据训练。网络输入包括环视相机图像、目标点表示、自车运动状态和行人轨迹,输出离散控制序列(油门、刹车、转向、档位)。设计了一种新颖的交叉注意力模块,将鸟瞰特征与目标点融合;同时采用基于GRU的行人预测器,提升对动态障碍物的感知能力。在CARLA 0.9.14模拟器上验证了垂直与平行泊车场景。实验表明,模型成功率达96.57%,平均位置误差为0.21米,方向误差为0.41度。消融实验进一步证明行人预测与目标点注意力融合模块的有效性。代码与数据集将公开于:https://github.com/little-snail-f/ParkFormer。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Autonomous parking plays a vital role in intelligent vehicle systems, particularly in constrained urban environments where high-precision control is required. While traditional rule-based parking systems struggle with environmental uncertainties and lack adaptability in crowded or dynamic scenes, human drivers demonstrate the ability to park intuitively without explicit modeling. Inspired by this observation, we propose a Transformer-based end-to-end framework for autonomous parking that learns from expert demonstrations. The network takes as input surround-view camera images, goal-point representations, ego vehicle motion, and pedestrian trajectories. It outputs discrete control sequences including throttle, braking, steering, and gear selection. A novel cross-attention module integrates BEV features with target points, and a GRU-based pedestrian predictor enhances safety by modeling dynamic obstacles. We validate our method on the CARLA 0.9.14 simulator in both vertical and parallel parking scenarios. Experiments show our model achieves a high success rate of 96.57\%, with average positional and orientation errors of 0.21 meters and 0.41 degrees, respectively. The ablation studies further demonstrate the effectiveness of key modules such as pedestrian prediction and goal-point attention fusion. The code and dataset will be released at: https://github.com/little-snail-f/ParkFormer.

自动驾驶泊车算法Transformer

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